西汉地方铸铁作坊的技术选择:以关中邰城作坊冶金陶瓷科技分析为例  

Technological Choice of the Local Cast Iron Workshop in the Western Han Dynasty:Take the Example of Technological Analysis of Metallurgical Ceramic from Guanzhong Tai Cheng Workshop

作　　者：林永昌[1] 郑婧[1] 陈建立[2] 种建荣 雷兴山[2] 

机构地区：[1]香港中文大学人类学系 [2]北京大学中国考古学研究中心 [3]陕西省考古研究院

出　　处：《南方文物》2017年第2期121-130,共10页Cultural Relics in Southern China

基　　金：文物局文化遗产保护领域科学和技术研究课题-西汉时期关中地区冶铁工业的形成与特点;香港中文大学Directgrant支助项目#4051063;香港特别行政区政府RGC-ECS支助项目#24607916;文物保护科技优秀青年研究计划"田野考古与文物保护信息采集与定量处理技术研究"(No.2014226)的阶段性成果~~

摘　　要：本文通过岩相和扫描电镜能谱,对陕西杨凌区西汉早期邰城作坊出土的陶范、鼓风管和炉壁的制作工艺进行分析,研究其原料来源和配比,探讨这三类冶铸遗物制作过程的异同。分析表明,三类冶铸遗物的材料来源和备料过程存在一定的差异,可能与三类遗物的功能要求有关。邰城虽然为关中地区西汉時期规模较小的作坊,但是工匠在选料方面具丰富的经验,分析所见分类选料和制作的模式,说明作坊内部有相对复杂的分工协作,有较高程度的专门化生产。因此,以往以为西汉早期的中小型铁工场多属于家庭式小作坊生产的观点,可能需要重新考虑。本文认为,对冶金陶瓷的研究除有助理解作坊使用的技术,更有益于了解西汉时期一般作坊内部的生产组织情况。This article employs petrographic and SEM-EDX method to analyze casting moulds, tuyeres, and furnace fragments from an Early Western Hart ironwork named Taicheng in Yangling, Shaanxi. Through these ap- proaches, this article tries to reconstruct the selection and preparation process of raw material, or the so-called chaine-operatoire of metallurgical ceramic. Results show that the selection and preparation of raw materials demon- strate variations, probably due to the consideration of their specific functions, between these three types of remains. Even though Taicheng was a medium-snmll scale ironwork in Guangzhong during the Western Han period, workers were knowlegeable in the selection of materials based on types and showed a relatively high degree of specialization and labor-division coordination. Therefore, the paper casts doubt on the conventional idea that iron foundries hke Taicheng should belong to household, family-based small-scale iron production sites. In addition, this study also suggests the study on metallurgical ceramic can improve our understanding not only about iron techniques but also the internal organization of labor in medium-smaU scale in ironworks.

关 键 词：技术选择 西汉铸铁作坊 陶范 鼓风管 炉壁 

分 类 号：K876.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]