基因与环境的交互作用:来自差别易感性模型的证据  

The interaction between gene and environment: Evidence from differential susceptibility model

作　　者：赵德懋 冯姝慧[1] 邢淑芬[1] ZHAO Demao FENG Shuhui XING Shufen(Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学心理学系,北京100048

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2017年第8期1310-1320,共11页Advances in Psychological Science

摘　　要：差别易感性模型认为,携带某种基因型的个体既容易受到消极环境的不利影响,同时也容易受到积极的、支持性环境的有利影响。随着定量遗传学和分子遗传学技术的不断发展,涌现出关于基因-环境对儿童发展交互作用的大量研究,主要包括5-HTTLPR、DRD4、MAOA、COMT和BDNF五种基因与环境因素(如,母亲敏感性、压力性生活事件和家庭养育环境等)对儿童发展的交互作用,支持了差别易感性模型。但是,关于基因与环境交互作用的机制、携带易感性基因个体的种族和性别差异问题以及优势敏感性假说的验证,都是该领域未来研究的重要方向。According to the differential susceptibility model, individuals with certain genetypes are not only more vulnerable than others to the negative effects of adversity, but also disproportionately susceptible to the beneficial effects of supportive and enriching rearing environment. With the advancement of quantitative genetics and molecular genetics, a great many researches on the effect of gene-environment interaction on children’s development have emerged in recent years. For example, researches have been done regarding the interaction between environment（such as maternal sensitivity, stressful life events and family upbringing） and five candidate genes — 5-HTTLPR, DRD4, MAOA, COMT and BDNF — all of which support the differential susceptibility model. The underlying mechanisms of gene-environment interaction, racial and gender differences between individuals carrying vulnerable genes as well as further estimation of vantage sensitivity hypothesis are all important directions of future researches in this area.

关 键 词：基因-环境交互作用 基因 差别易感性 优势敏感性 

分 类 号：B845[哲学宗教—心理学]