城市社区空巢老人心理健康状况调查及对策分析  

Investigation on the Mental Health Status of Urban Community Empty Nesters and Its Countermeasure Analysis

作　　者：张飒乐[1,2] 李英[1] 冯香艳[1] 汪勇[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安培华学院医学院,陕西西安710125 [2]西安交通大学医学部,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《中国医学伦理学》2017年第8期968-971,993,共5页Chinese Medical Ethics

基　　金：陕西省教育厅教育规划课题基金项目:应用心理护理干预对社区空巢老人心理状况影响的调查研究(16JK2136)

摘　　要：目的了解西安市社区空巢老人的心理健康状况,分析原因并提出有效对策。方法采用了一般情况调查表、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)及纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表(MUNSH)对老年人心理健康状况进行测查。问卷测查了280位老人,其中实验组(空巢老人)130人,对照组(非空巢老人)150人。结果一般资料中两组老人在性别、年龄、文化程度等方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。SCL-90量表结果显示:实验组老人在躯体化、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑及恐怖这5个因子中得分均明显高于对照组(均P<0.05);而其他因子两组间不存在差异(均P>0.05)。SSRS量表结果显示:实验组老人在社会支持总分、客观支持和对支持的利用度方面明显低于对照组老人(P<0.01);在主观支持方面也低于对照组老人(P<0.05)。MUNSH量表结果显示:总体来看实验组老人主观幸福感明显低于对照组老人(P<0.01)。结论西安市社区空巢老人心理健康水平总体偏低,建议通过完善我国养老保健机制;呼吁社会团体充分发挥帮扶作用;加强社区卫生服务中心的心理干预内涵;加强伦理道德-孝文化建设,深化家庭意识以期促进空巢老人的心理健康。Objective： To investigate the urban community empty nesters＇ mental health status in Xi＇ an, ana- lyze the causes, and thus to recommend some countermeasures. Methods： The general situation questionnaire, the Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL- 90）, the Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS） and the Memorial University of New- foundland Scale of Happiness were used to investigate the mental health status of urban community empty nesters. A total of 280 old men have been investigated, of which 150 were empty nesters （research group） but 130 were not （control group）. Results： There was no statistically significant difference in gender, age, education background between the two groups （P 〉 0.05 ）. As for SCL - 90, the average scores of somatization, interpersonal relation- ship, depression, anxiety, and horror in the research group were significantly higher than the control group （P 〈 0.05）, while there was no significant difference in other factors （P 〉 0.05）. The scores of SSRS, objective sup- port, subjective support, and exploitation degree of support in the research group were all significantly lower than the control group （P 〈 0.05）. The subjective well -being was significantly lower in the research group than the control group （P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion ： In Xi＇ an, the overall mental health of community empty nester is at a low level. It suggests perfect the old -age care system in our country, appeal to social organizations to give full play in supporting role, strengthen psychological intervention of community health service center, strengthen the construc-tion of ethics and filial piety culture, deepen the consciousness of family in order to improve the empty nesters＇ mental health.

关 键 词：空巢老人 心理健康 养老保健 

分 类 号：R-195[医药卫生]