土壤和沉积物重金属测定中不同前处理和分析方法的比较  

Comparison of Different Pretreatment and Analytical Methods of Heavy Metals in Soil and Sediment Samples

作　　者：郑红艳[1] 郭雪勤[1] 朱志勋[1] 束金祥[1] 翟婉盈[1] 

机构地区：[1]长江流域水环境监测中心,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《广东化工》2017年第16期242-244,236,共4页Guangdong Chemical Industry

摘　　要：采用HNO_3-HCl-HF-HClO_4和HNO_3-HCl-HF-H_2O_2 2种酸消解体系,微波消解和石墨消解两种方式对样品进行前处理,ICP-OES、ICP-MS和AAS三种测定方法对土壤和沉积物标准品中重金属进行测定,结果表明,HNO_3-HCl-HF-HClO_4体系可以使样品完全分解,所有样品中6种元素的测定值与标准值吻合良好,而HNO_3-HCl-HF-H_2O_2体系,微波消解不能用高氯酸,导致6个元素中Mn元素测定值与标准值相比严重偏低,其他元素测定值略微偏低,但在标准值偏差允许范围内。全自动石墨消解仪与微波消解仪相比自动化程度更高,准确度更高,ICP-OES、ICP-MS和AAS均可对土壤和沉积物进行准确测定,不同实验室可根据自身硬件条件选择不同的分析方法。HNO3-HCl-HF-HClO4 and HNO3-HCl-HF-H2O2 were used to digest soil and sediment samples by microwave digestion and automatic graphite digestion equipment. ICP-OES,ICP-MS and AAS were developed for the determination of heavy metal elements in National Standard Materials. The results showed that HNO3-HCl-HF-HClO4 could decompose the sample completely, and the determined results of all the 6 target elements in all samples were in good agreement with the certified values, but HNO3-HCl-HF-H2O2 perchloric acid can not be used which lead to the low determined result and the determined results for other five elements were in the allowable range of deviation while slightly lower than the certified valus, automatic graphite digestion equipment is higher degree of automation and higher accuracy than microwave digestion equipment, ICP-OES,ICP-MS and AAS could all be applied to the accurate analysis of heavy metals in soil and sediment sample, different laboratories can select different analysis methods according to hardware condition by itself.

关 键 词：全自动石墨消解 微波消解 电感耦合等离子体光谱 电感耦合等离子体质谱 原子吸收 土壤 重金属 

分 类 号：TS207.51[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]