乒乓球运动员控球稳定性试验与理论研究  

Experiment and Theoretical Research on the Stability of Table Tennis Players

作　　者：张俊伟[1] 李春[1] 丁勤卫 任杰[2] 季云峰[2] 施之皓[2] 叶舟[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院,上海200093 [2]上海体育学院中国乒乓球学院,上海200438

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2017年第2期117-122,133,共7页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:51676131;51176129)

摘　　要：积分制是很多体育项目运动员最常用的排名方式,根据运动员所参加的比赛和获得名次大致可以反映运动员综合水平排名,但此排名还受某些偶然因素影响,如比赛中关键球的运气成分,因此运动员在某段时间内发挥稳定性与其排名可能有所差异,但对于重要赛事指定哪个运动员参加,教练则要综合考虑运动员近期的发挥状态,特别是发挥稳定性。针对乒乓球运动员控球稳定性无法定量描述的问题,通过自主设计的落点采集系统试验获得6名不同水平运动员接发球的落点数据,采用数理统计和分形理论方法分别计算落点的数学期望、方差、协方差、相关系数、Hurst指数和关联维数,并提出定量评估运动员控球稳定性的参数,即关联期望率。结果表明:数理统计和分形方法中的参数均不能单独衡量运动员控球稳定性;落点的Hurst指数均介于0.5~1.0之间,具有长程正相关性,符合分形特征;提出的关联期望率能较好地衡量运动员控球稳定性,值越大说明运动员控球越稳定。研究结果为量化乒乓球运动员的控球稳定性提供了理论基础和实现途径,同时也为教练根据不同技术特点的对手指派出战队员,此外,运动员本身还可根据自己控球的关联期望率来合理训练,以提高发挥的稳定性。Point redemption scheme is the most commonly used ranking method for many sports athletes. It is based on athletes participating in the competition and get ranked, roughly reflects the overall level of athletes ranking, but this ranking is also affected by some accidental factors, such as the key ball in the game of luck. The athletes in a certain period of time play stability and may be different for ranking, but the important events which sent athletes to the problem, coach need to cofisider the athletes play recently, especially its stability. Focus on the problem of cannot quantitative describe the stability of table tennis athletes, the Placement data of 6 different level athletes obtained through the experiment by the placement acquisition system designed by ourselves, then, mathematical expectation, variance, covariance, correlation coefficient, Hurst exponent and correlation dimension calculated by using mathematical statistics and fractal methods, a parameter for quantitative evaluating the stability of the athletes is put forward-the rate of correlation dimension and mathematical expectation. The results showed that the parameters of mathematical statistics and fractal method cannot measure the stability of athletes separately. The Hurst of placement is between 0.5-1.0, which has a long range positive correlation, and with fractal characteristics. The rate of correlation dimension and mathematical expectation be put forward can describe the stability of athletes, the greater of the rate of correlation dimension and mathematical expectation, the more table of the athletes. The research results provide a theoretical basis and a way to quantify the stability of table tennis athletes. At the same time, it also assigns players for the opponent according to different technical characteristics. In addition, the athlete can also train himself according to the expectation rate of the ball contrOl, so as tO improve the stability of play.

关 键 词：乒乓球 落点 稳定性 数理统计 分形 关联期望率 

分 类 号：G846[文化科学—体育训练]