一种城市地表能量平衡模式在上海的模拟评估  

Evaluation of a Surface Urban Energy Balance Model in Shanghai

作　　者：敖翔宇[1] 谈建国[1] 刘冬韡[1] 王亚东[2] 胡平[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海市气象科学研究所,上海市气象与健康重点实验室,上海200030 [2]上海市气象信息与技术支持中心,上海200030

出　　处：《气象》2017年第8期973-986,共14页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41275021);上海市气象局启明星项目(QM201709)共同资助

摘　　要：利用一整年的上海城区常规气象和地表能量平衡观测资料,驱动和检验了局地城市地表能量(水分)平衡模式(SUEWS/LUMPS)在上海地区的模拟能力,并对模式输入参数进行了部分本地化。模拟结果表明,SUEWS模式较好地再现了各辐射通量的日变化形态,对净辐射通量(Q~*)中午日峰值低估约为25 W·m^(-2);模式对四个季节向下长波辐射通量(L_↓)的日变化幅度均被低估,对向上长波辐射通量(L_↑)的模拟明显优于L_↓。SUEWS/LUMPS模式对感热通量(Q_H)各季节(春季除外)日峰值出现时次均有准确模拟,而对Q_H量值各季节均为低估;SUEWS模式在夏、秋季对白天潜热通量(Q_E)的模拟均优于LUMPS模式,而在冬、春季的模拟情况两者接近;SUEWS模式成功再现了储热通量(△Q_S)冬、春、秋季早、晚正负值转换时间,而在夏季滞后了2 h,模拟的△Q_S量值季节差异性较大。对模式误差随气温、风速及风向变化进行分析表明,在较高气温和较大风速下,Q_H、Q_E均表现为低估误差增大,而△Q_S则相反,表现为更显著地高估;风向的影响主要表现为模式未考虑东面密集建筑群而使得Q_H较明显低估约为-50 W·m^(-2),而西侧公园绿地的存在使得Q_H高估约15 W·m^(-2)。A surface urban energy （water） balance model （SUEWS/LUMPS） was driven by 1-yr field ob- servations to evaluate the model capability in Shanghai urban area. The model input parameters were part- ly localized by field survey. The results show that the model can well reproduce the diurnal pattern of radi- ation components, the daily peak of net all-wave radiation flux （Q＊） was underestimated by about 25 W m-2 , the amplitude of the diurnal variation of the downward long-wave radiation flux （L↓） was underestimated for all seasons, and the performance for upward long-wave radiation flux （L↑） was much better than L↓ . The occurrence time of the daily peak of sensible heat flux （QH） for each season （except spring） was simulated well by SUEWS, while the magnitude of QH for each season was underestimated. The performance of SUEWS model for latent heat flux （QE） in summer and autumn was better than LUMPS, but they were very similar during winter and spring. SUEWS model successfully reproduced the transition time of the sign of the storage heat flux （AQs） in winter, spring and autumn, but had a lag about 2 h in summer. The seasonal variation of the model performance for AQs was relatively large. Analy- sis of the model error dependency on a set of meteorological variables indicates that there was an increased underestimation of QH and QE and increased overestimation of AQs under higher air temperature or stronger wind speed conditions. The QH had an obvious underestimation by about 50 W m-2 for easterly wind while overestimation by about 15 W m-2 for the westerly wind was mainly the dense buildings over the east side and the green park over the west side was not considered by the model.

关 键 词：城市地表能量平衡模式 辐射通量 湍流热通量 上海 

分 类 号：P435[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]