甘肃拉卜楞寺壁画表面涂层材质分析  

Analysis of the surface coating on wall paintings in Labrang Temple of Gansu Province

作　　者：张化冰[1,2] 王小伟[1,2] 苏伯民[1,2] 姜辉[3] 乔兆广[1,2] 张瑞[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]敦煌研究院保护研究所,甘肃敦煌736200 [2]国家古代壁画与土遗址保护工程技术研究中心,甘肃敦煌736200 [3]电子科技大学微电子与固体电子学院应用化学系,四川成都610054

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2017年第4期67-75,共9页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家文物局拉卜楞寺壁画保护修复项目资助(201504)

摘　　要：西藏壁画表面大多刷有保护涂层。据记载,其材质主要是桐油、牛胶或清漆等。但目前,对该涂层材质科学的研究却较少,不利于后期保护修复。为配合拉卜楞寺壁画保护修复项目,本研究以衰减全反射红外光谱法(ATR-FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱法(~1H-NMR)、热裂解-气相色谱-质谱联用(Py-GC-MS)技术等分析手段,对甘肃夏河拉卜楞寺弥勒佛殿、时轮学院主殿壁画的涂层进行了分析。结果表明,两处佛殿壁画涂层可确定是一种干性油,种类与桐油较接近。但由于西藏壁画在材料和工艺上的独特性,材料老化等因素,拉卜楞寺壁画涂层在组成和结构上,与现代桐油有一定差别,表现出一定的丰富性和复杂性。后期修复,可采用性质与西藏传统涂层材料接近的干性油,例如桐油,作为新的壁画表面涂层材料。Most of the Tibetan wall paintings are brushed with a protective coating on their surface. According to the literature,the coating materials are mainly tung oil,animal glue and varnish. But until now,little scientific research on these materials has been reported,which is not helpful for the conservation and restoration of Tibetan wall paintings. In this article,coating samples obtained from the surface of wall paintings in Labrang Temple were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,1^H-nuclear magnetic resonance and Pyrolysis-gas chromatographymass spectrometry. The results indicated that the material for the coating of wall paintings in Labrang Temple was a kind of drying oil similar to tung oil. The materials and techniques employed in the making of Tibetan wall paintings,as well as ageing and coating of wall paintings in Labrang Temple made it more complicated and suggested different properties from the modern tung oil. For conservation and restoration,drying oils with properties closer to the traditional Tibetan coating materials,e. g. tung oil,could be used as a conservation material for the coating of wall paintings in Labrang Temple.

关 键 词：西藏壁画 表面涂层 材质分析 

分 类 号：K879.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]