297例乳母膳食对乳汁成分的影响  

Influence of mother's diet on ingredients of breastmilk in 297 cases

作　　者：杨华[1] 刘黎明[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安市儿童医院,陕西西安710002 [2]西安交通大学第一附属医院,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《中国妇幼健康研究》2017年第8期897-899,907,共4页Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research

摘　　要：目的了解膳食成分与乳汁成分的相关性,了解不同的膳食结构对乳汁成分的影响。方法通过方便取样的方法在城区及农村选取研究对象共297例,分为城区组和农村组。在两组生长过程中从初乳到成熟乳共取乳汁7次(初乳、过渡乳、2月乳、4月乳、6月乳、8月乳、10月乳),应用膳食回顾法调查采集母乳前24h乳母膳食信息。使用数字化超声波精密测量技术检测乳汁中的蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖、能量、水分、密度,采用统计软件对结果进行分析,比较两组的乳汁成分、膳食成分及膳食结构,同时比较各个时期的乳汁与膳食的相关性。结果通过比较各期乳汁发现:初乳中蛋白质及乳糖含量农村组高于城区组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.77,P<0.05);过渡乳中脂肪含量城区组高于农村组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.64,P<0.05);成熟乳中蛋白质、脂肪及能量含量农村组高于城区组,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为2.16、4.73、4.46,均P<0.05);晚期乳中脂肪及能量含量农村组高于城区组,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为3.65、3.74,均P<0.05);城区组在初乳、过渡乳、2月、4月时乳母蛋白质摄入量高于农村组,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为2.39、3.44、2.10、2.64,均P<0.05);在过渡乳及6月时乳母脂肪摄入量城区组高于农村组,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为2.20、2.93,均P<0.05);在6月、8月及10月时乳母碳水化合物的摄入量农村组高于城区组,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为2.21、2.32、2.43,均P<0.05)。通过相关性分析发现乳汁中蛋白质与膳食中脂肪在8月乳有相关性(r=-0.45,P<0.05),乳汁中蛋白质与膳食中蛋白质在过渡乳、4月乳和10月乳时有相关性(r值分别为0.38、0.45、0.47,均P<0.05),乳汁中的乳糖和膳食中的脂肪在4月乳和8月乳时有相关性(r值分别为-0.42、-0.43,均P<0.05),与膳食中的碳水化合物在6月乳时有相关性(r=0.39,P<0.05),乳汁中的能量和�Objective To understand the correlation between diet and breastmilk ingredients and to understand the influence of diet on ingredients of breastmilk. Methods By convenient sampling method,297 cases were selected in urban and rural areas as study subjects and divided into urban group and rural group. During process of growth,breastmilk was sampled for 7 times,including colostrum,transitional milk,milk in second month,milk in fourth month,milk in sixth month,milk in eighth month and milk in tenth month,ranging from colostrum to mature milk in two groups. Data of mothers＇ diet at 24 h before sampling was investigated by diet review. Protein,fat,lactose,energy,water content and density of breastmilk were detected using digital ultrasonic precision measurement technology. Results were analyzed by statistical software. Breastmilk ingredients,diet composition and diet structure were compared between two groups and correlation between diet and breastmilk at every period were compared. Results Comparison of breastmilk at every period revealed that protein and lactose contents in colostrum in rural group were higher than those in urban group with statistically significant difference（ t =2. 77,P〈0. 05）. Fat content in transitional milk in urban group was higher than that in rural group with statistically significant difference（ t = 2. 64,P〈0. 05）. Protein,fat and energy contents in mature milk in rural group were higher than those in urban group,and differences were statistically significant（ t value was 2. 16,4. 73 and 4. 46,respectively,all P〈0. 05）. Fat and energy contents in late milk in rural group were higher than those in urban group with significant differences（ t value was 3. 65 and 3. 74,respectively,both P〈0. 05）. Mother＇s intake of protein at the period of colostrum,transitional milk,second month and fourth month in urban group was higher than that in rural group,and differences were statistically significant（ t value was 2. 39,3. 44,2. 10 and 2. 64,respectively,all P〈0. 05）. Fa

关 键 词：乳母膳食 乳汁成分 相关性 农村组 城区组 

分 类 号：R153.1[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]