水氮管理对优质杂交中稻旌优127产量及氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Management on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Good Quality Hybrid Rice Jingyou 127

作　　者：张林[1,2] 徐富贤[1,2] 熊洪[1,2] 蒋鹏[1] 周兴兵[1] 朱永川[1] 刘茂[1] 郭晓艺[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所/农业部西南水稻生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,四川德阳618000 [2]国家水稻改良中心四川泸州分中心,四川泸州646100

出　　处：《土壤》2017年第4期679-684,共6页Soils

基　　金：国家粮食科技丰产工程项目(2013BAD07B13);国家水稻产业体系项目(CARS-01);四川省水稻育种攻关项目;四川省财政基因工程项目资助

摘　　要：为充分发挥优质稻的产量潜力并实现水氮资源的高效利用,以优质杂交中稻旌优127为材料,在大田环境下研究管水方式(W)、施氮量(N)和施氮方式(D)及其互作对水稻产量、穗粒结构和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:管水方式(W)、施氮量(N)、管水方式(D)与施氮方式互作(W×D)、管水方式与施氮量互作(W×N)、施氮量与施氮方式互作(N×D)以及三者互作(W×N×D)间对旌优127产量的影响达极显著水平,施氮方式(D)对产量的影响接近显著水平(P=0.050 5),旌优127产量在不同施氮量下均以浅湿管水且氮肥后移时产量最高。管水方式(W)、施氮量(N)、施氮方式(D)及其互作对水稻穗粒结构有不同程度的影响,通径分析表明影响产量的主要因子为单位面积有效穗数,其次是穗粒数。除施氮方式(D)、管水方式与施氮量互作(W×N)外的其他因子及其互作对氮肥农学利用率有显著影响;浅湿管水处理氮肥农学利用率显著低于常规管水处理;在浅湿管水下,氮肥后移时水稻氮肥农学利用效率随着施氮量的增加显著降低,常规施氮时差异较小;在常规管水下则相反。除施氮方式(D)外的其他因子及其互作对氮肥偏生产力有显著影响;浅湿管水处理氮肥偏生产力显著高于常规管水处理;氮肥偏生产力在不同的管水方式下均随施氮量的增加显著降低。浅湿管水,施氮100 kg/hm2,最高苗期适量施用穗肥是试验所在生态区最佳的水氮管理方式。In order to fully realize the yield potential of good quality rice and the efficient utilization of water and nitrogen（N） resources, we explored the effects of water management（W）, N application level（N） and application method（D） as well as their interaction on rice yield, grain structure and N use efficiency by a field experiment with the good quality hybrid rice Jingyou127 as material. The results showed that the yield of Jingyou 127 was extremely significant effected by W, N and the interactions of W×N, W×D, N×D and W×N×D. The effect of D on yield was close to the significant level（P=0.050 5）, the yield of Jingyou127 was highest when 75% N as base fertilizer and 25% as panicle fertilizer in wet-shallow alternate irrigation. W, N, D and their interactions had different effects on grain structure. Path analysis showed that the effective panicles and spikelets per panicle were the main factors of the yield. Except D and W×N,the other factors and their interactions had significant effects on N agronomic efficiency. Under the wet-shallow alternate irrigation, N agronomic efficiency was significantly lower than that under conventional irrigation, and it significantly decreased with the increase of N application level at postponing N application treatment, but little difference under conventional N application treatment, which had the opposite effect. Except D, the other factors and their interactions had significant effects on the partial factor productivity of applied N. Under the wet-sallow alternate irrigation, the partial factor productivity of applied N was significantly higher than that under conventional irrigation, and it significantly decreased with the increased N application level. Wet-shallow alternate irrigation, 100 kg/hm2 N（75% as base fertilizer and 25% as panicle fertilizer） is the best model of water-nitrogen coupling management.

关 键 词：优质稻 水氮管理 产量 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S511.32[农业科学—农艺学]