从德国甲柏连孜《汉文经纬》(1881)到清末中日《汉文典》——近代东西方汉语语法学史“映射”之镜像  

From von der Gabelentz's Chinesische Grammatik(1881) to the late Qing Chinese and Japanese works on Classical Chinese Grammar: A "mapping" of the modern Eastern-Western history of Chinese grammar

作　　者：李无未[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学中文系

出　　处：《中国语文》2017年第5期621-637,共17页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目<东亚珍藏明清汉语文献发掘与研究>(编号:12&ZD178)资助成果之一

摘　　要：德国康拉迪汉藏语系分类观念(1896)早于李方桂(1937)(1)41年,但其学术思想却来源于德国甲柏连孜《汉文经纬》(1881)。《汉文经纬》等欧洲学者著作对19世纪末、20世纪初日本后藤朝太郎《现代支那语学》(1908)中国境内语言与方言分类,尤其是汉语藏语同源关系研究影响不小;对猪狩幸之助《汉文典》(1898)、儿岛献吉郎《汉文典》(1903),以及中国来裕恂《汉文典》(1906)汉语文言语法理论体系建构发挥了至关重要的参照作用。日本广池千九郎《应用支那文典》(1909)反思中日两国学者没有跳出甲柏连孜《汉文经纬》等欧洲学者著作学术范式现象,思考汉语文言语法学研究理论与方法如何创新的问题,由此成为现代东亚汉语文言语法学理论意识觉醒的开端,为二十世纪二、三十年代前后中日学者研究汉语文言语法走出创新之路提供了思考前提。本文认为,尽管甲柏连孜《汉文经纬》等欧洲学者著作对日本和中国东亚汉语文言语法研究发挥了"映射"和"辐射"的作用,但其汉语语法学学术思想之根还是在中国,由此发现,东西方汉语语法学学术意识已经实现了有效的"循环"。The classification of the Sino-Tibetan family was proposed by the German linguist August Conrady(1896),which was 41 years before Li Fang-kuei's study on the subject(1937).However,the academic background of the former was rooted in von der Gabelentz's Chinesische Grammatik(1881),which among other European works,had continuous impact on the classification of the Chinese languages and idiolects and especially on Sino-Tibetan studies in the works published around the turn of the 20th Century,such as GotōAsatarō's Modern Chinese Language(1908).Furthermore,it also became an important reference even to Igari Kōnosuke's Classical Chinese Grammar(1898),KenkichirōKojima's Classical Chinese Grammar(1903) and Lai Yuxun's Classical Chinese Grammar(1906).Hiroike Chikurō's Applied Classical Chinese(1909) reflects well the circumstances in which both China and Japan followed the academic paradigm of von der Gabelentz's Chinesische Grammatik as well as other European works.In addition,it reflects a trend of innovating and modernizing the theories and methods related to the study of Chinese grammar.Hence,this is to some extent representative of the initial awakening of the theoretical consciousness of modern Chinese dialectology in East Asia in that it provides the theoretical prerequisite for an innovative study of Classical Chinese grammar worked out by Chinese and Japanese scholars around the 1920s and 1930s.This paper holds the view that,although von der Gabelentz's Chinesische Grammatik as well as other European works have played the role of 'mapping' and'orienting'the studies on Chinese grammar both in China and Japan,the root of the studies of Chinese grammar are still in China.In other words,this paper suggests that the academic consciousness between Eastern and Western studies on Chinese grammar can effectively be characterized by cyclic development.

关 键 词：《汉文经纬》 清末中日《汉文典》 东西方汉语语法学史 “映射”与“循环” 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]