陕西省育龄妇女孕期宏量营养素摄入与新生儿出生体重的关系  

Macro-nutrient intake associated with neonatal birth weight in pregnant women in Shaanxi Province

作　　者：严惠[1] 吴小艳[1] 池方方 党少农[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学公共卫生学院,西安710061

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2017年第8期585-589,共5页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(81230016);陕西卫生和计划生育委员会出生缺陷防治课题(Sxwsjswzfcght2016-013)

摘　　要：目的探讨陕西省育龄妇女孕期宏量营养素摄入状况与新生儿出生体重的关系。方法数据来源于2013年7—11月在陕西省30个县进行的出生缺陷现况及其危险因素横断面调查。采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法选取在2010年1月—2013年12月间曾经怀孕的妇女,在这些妇女中随机抽取个体完成半定量膳食频率问卷,同时收集新生儿相关信息,筛选出0~1岁孩子及其母亲作为研究对象。进行孕期宏量营养素摄入状况分析,并采用多元logistic回归分析探讨其与新生儿出生体重的关系。结果共纳入7 024名调查对象。陕西育龄妇女孕期平均每日蛋白质摄入量低于中国居民膳食营养素推荐摄入量,三大营养素所占供能比不满足推荐值。所有新生儿中,小于胎龄儿(SGA)发生率为14.7%,大于胎龄儿(LGA)发生率为7.6%。对于SGA,孕期多摄入蛋白质和脂肪,可降低其发生率,而摄入过多碳水化合物是其发生的危险因素;对于LGA,孕期多摄入蛋白质是其保护因素,而摄入过多的脂肪及碳水化合物,可增加其发生率。结论妊娠期应适当增加蛋白质,减少碳水化合物的摄入,保证三大产能营养素的合理比例,改善自身营养状况,减少SGA及LGA的发生。Objective To explore the relationship between the intake of macro-nutrients in pregnant women in Shaanxi province and the neonatal birth weight. Methods Data were derived from a crosssectional investigation named＂The prevalence and risk factors of birth defects in Shaanxi Province ＂,which were collected from 30 counties in Shaanxi Province from July to November in 2013. A stratified multistage random sampling method was used to select women who had been pregnant between January 2010 and December 2013. Out of these women were randomly selected individuals for the semi-quantitative diet frequency questionnaire,with the data on newborn infants collected,and the children aged 0-1 and their mothers were as the study subjects. The intake of macro-nutrients during their pregnancy was analyzed,whose relationship with the neonatal birth weight was studied by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results A total 7 024 participants were included in this study. The average daily protein intake of women of childbearing age in Shaanxi was lower than the recommended intake of dietary nutrients in China,and the energy supply ratio of the three nutrients did not meet the recommended values. The incidence of SGA was 14. 7%,and the LGA 7. 6%. The intake of protein and fat during pregnancy reduced the incidence of SGAe,and excessive intake of carbohydrates proved a risk factor for SGA; more protein intake during pregnancy proved a protective factor for LGA,and excessive intake of fat and carbohydrates increased its incidence. Conclusion Pregnant women should increase intake of protein,and reduce intake of carbohydrate,so as to ensure a rational proportion of the three major nutrients,improve pregnancy nutritional status,and reduce the occurrence of SGA and LGA.

关 键 词：宏量营养素 出生体重 育龄妇女 孕期 

分 类 号：R153.1[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]