不同填料生物膜微型动物物种多样性比较  

Comparison of Species Diversity of Microfauna in Biofilm Attached to Different Carriers

作　　者：朱荣芳[1] 胡小兵[1,2] 卢学成[1] 叶星[3] 张新喜[1,2] 钟梅英[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽工业大学建筑工程学院,安徽马鞍山243032 [2]生物膜法水质净化及利用技术教育部工程研究中心,安徽马鞍山243032 [3]安徽工业大学能源与环境学院,安徽马鞍山243002

出　　处：《安徽工业大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第2期185-192,共8页Journal of Anhui University of Technology（Natural Science）

基　　金：安徽省高校科学研究项目(KJ2013A059)

摘　　要：为了探究不同填料生物膜上微型动物物种多样性异同,研究采用3种填料(多面空心球、K3悬浮填料、煤焦粉)处理模拟生活污水时微型动物多样性指数变化规律及其与水处理效果的相关性。结果表明:生物膜中共出现微型动物57种,包括鞭毛虫7种、肉足虫5种、纤毛虫42种和微型后生动物3种;煤焦粉上以小型鞭毛虫为优势类群,多面空心球与K3悬浮填料上由小型鞭毛虫、游泳型纤毛虫和固着型纤毛虫交替构成优势类群;悬浮型填料、堆积型填料上微型动物多样性H分别呈"M"型、"前高后低"型变化;煤焦粉对COD、氨氮的去除效果较好且稳定,去除率分别为(87±10)%、(92±6)%;煤焦粉生物膜上微型动物多样性H、丰富度R与NH_4^+—N去除率有明显正相关(P<0.01),均匀度λ与其显著负相关(P<0.05);填料上微型动物物种多样性H逐渐降低,但变化规律呈现不同形式;固着型纤毛虫为煤焦粉填料对NH_4^+—N去除的指示微生物。In order to explore the similarities and differences of the species diversity of microfauna in biofilm attached to different carriers, the variation of parameters related to microfauna on 3 types of carriers（multi-faceted hollow ball, K3 suspended filler and coke powder） and the correlations between diversity parameters of microfauna species and the performance of the reactors treating synthetic municipal wastewater were analyzed. Results indicate that, 57 species of microfauna are identified, including 7 species of flagellate, 5 species of sarcodina, 42 species of ciliate and 3 kinds of metazoan; On the coke powder, the small flagellates are the dominant group. However, on multi-faceted hollow ball and K3 suspension filler, the small flagellates, free swimming ciliates and sessile ciliates alternately become the dominant groups accompanying with the passage of time; The diversity index H of microfauna on suspended carriers varies with the shape of＂M＂, while the H of the stacking carrier varies with the shape of＂from-high-to low＂;The removal efficiencies of COD, NH4＋—N of the reactors filled with coke powder are（87±10）%and（92 ± 6）%, respectively. The respective relationships of miniature animal diversity index（H）, and richness index（R） with the removal efficiency of NH4＋—N are also positively correlated（P〈0.01）; There is a significant negative correlation between the dominance index λ and the removal efficiency of NH4＋—N（P〈0.05）; The species diversity index H of the population of microfauna in the biofilms decreases gradually, but the change rules of index H present different forms; Stalks ciliates are as NH4＋—N indicator microorganisms of coke powder.

关 键 词：微型动物 物种多样性 填料 生物膜 污水处理 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]