海南省0～6岁儿童孤独症谱系障碍的现况调查及影响因素分析  

Cross-sectional survey of autism spectrum disorders in children aged 0-6 years in Halnanprovince

作　　者：李玲[1] 李小玲[1] 吴维学[1] 蔡小凡[1] 范霞林 魏秀慧 孙婷婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南省妇幼保健院海南省儿童医院,海口570206

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》2017年第9期1187-1190,共4页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

基　　金：海南省卫生厅重点课题（14A110065）

摘　　要：目的 了解海南省0~6岁儿童孤独症谱系障碍的患病情况及其影响因素。方法 抽查海南省18个市（县）0~6岁儿童37 862人，采用儿童发育问题预警征象调查表筛查，再由专科医师现场诊断，采用一般描述统计、χ2检验、非条件logistic回归分析孤独症现况及影响因素。结果 共诊断235例孤独症儿童，总患病率为0.62%，其中男童为0.99%，女童为0.17%，男童高于女童（χ2=101.91，P=0.000）。随年龄增长孤独症患病率上升（χ2=288.62，P=0.000）。城市孤独症患病率高于其他地区，差异有统计学意义（χ2=114.77，P=0.000）。是否足月、新生儿窒息、父亲性格、父亲有嚼槟榔或吸烟习惯、母孕期总体情绪状态以及母亲人流史为孤独症的影响因素。结论 海南省0~6岁儿童孤独症谱系障碍的患病率居国内较高水平并受遗传因素、孕产过程、父母在孕前及孕期不良行为、习惯等综合因素的影响。Objective To understand the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders （ASD） in children aged 0-6 years old and influencing factors in Hainan province. Methods A total of 37 862 children aged 0-6 years were selected from 18 counties in Hainan province for a screening by using questionnaire of ＂warning signs in child development＂, then field diagnosis was made, and general descriptive statistic analysis was conducted. The prevalence of ASD and related factors were analyzed with χ2 test and unconditional logistic regression model. Results Among 37 862 children aged 0-6 years, 235 were diagnosed with ASD, the prevalence of ASD was 0.62% （0.99% in boys, 0.17% in girls）, the differences was significant （χ2=101.91, P=0.000）. The prevalence of ASD increased with age （χ2=288.62, P=0.000）. The prevalence of ASD was significantly higher in urban area than in other areas （χ2=114.77, P=0.000）. Factors such as full term pregnancy or not, neonatal asphyxia, father＇s characteristics, father＇s habit of chewing areca or smoking, mother＇s general mood, and mother＇s induced abortion history were the influencing factors for ASD. Conclusion The prevalence of ASD in children aged 0-6 years was high in Hainan and was influenced by genetic factors, pregnancy and delivery process, parents unhealthy habit before and during pregnancy and other factors.

关 键 词：孤独症谱系障碍 患病率 儿童 影响因素 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]