基于不公平感的谣言对转基因风险评价的影响  

Effect of Unfair Rumor on GM Risk Appraisal

作　　者：杨帆[1] 佘升翔[2] 陈璟[3] 周劼[1] 谢筱玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西理工大学管理学院,汉中723000 [2]桂林理工大学管理学院,桂林541004 [3]四川师范大学教师教育与心理学院,成都610068

出　　处：《心理科学》2017年第4期941-946,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71361004;71601136);教育部人文社科项目(16YJC630005);广西高校人文社科重点项目(SK13ZD021)的资助

摘　　要：谣言是常见的社会现象,但其传播过程的"心理黑箱"还是缺乏探索的问题。在情绪评价理论的基础上,采用对照实验,通过转基因食品情景模拟来考察不公平谣言及辟谣行为对风险认知评价及情绪的影响。结果表明:(1)转基因风险评价产生的情绪可分为后果型和伦理型;(2)不公平感会导致更强烈的伦理型及后果型情绪,并使得被试倾向于高估转基因风险;(3)辟谣对转基因风险评价能起到一定干预作用,但不能完全抵消谣言对情绪的影响。Rumor is a widespread social phenomenon, while the psychological black box of rumor spreading still remains underexplored. The existing research largely examined the issue of rumor from the aspect of the phenomenon, but the in-depth exploration of the individual＇s psychological process and characteristics during rumor spreading is limited. This paper attempts to investigate the influence of unfair rumor on people＇s cognitive appraisal and emotional response in a context of Genetically Modified （GM） food risk. Drawing on previous research, we hypothesize that the emotions could be classified as consequence-related vs. morality-related. Further, rumor which provokes a feeling of unfairness would result in more intense ethical emotions, while may be not the case for consequentialist emotions and perceived risks. Furthermore, we infer that rumor refuted by negating its credibility would offset the influence of it on emotional responses. To verify these assumptions, an experiment was done on 150 undergraduates, who were assigned into 3 groups randomly. The group X read the basic message of GM bean oil. For the group Y, we inserted a faked message into the basic message to provoke a feeling of unfairness, while a clarification of that rumor was added for the group Z. Manipulations tests show that rumor indeed provoke a feeling of unfairness, while the reported unfairness decreased after rumor refutation. We analyzed the structure of the emotion ratings by applying a principal component analysis with varimax rotation, which supported the distinction between morality-based and consequence-based emotions. The results indicated that the feeling of unfairness not only directly led to stronger ethical emotions （such as angry, indignant）, but also increased the consequentialist emotions （such as fear and worry） as well as the perceived risks indirectly. We argue that the ethical emotions caused by unfairness in the context of GM risk produced a casual effect on risk perception, where the participants intend t

关 键 词：转基因谣言 辟谣 情绪 不公平感 

分 类 号：B842.6[哲学宗教—基础心理学]