关于查尔莫斯意识理论的探析  

The Analysis on David Chalmers' Theory of Consciousness

作　　者：刘晓青[1] 

机构地区：[1]中共中央党校哲学部,北京100091

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2017年第5期51-55,共5页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"认知科学对当代哲学的挑战--心灵与认知哲学重大理论问题研究(11AZD120)

摘　　要：为了揭示意识的奥秘,著名心灵哲学家查尔莫斯将意识"易问题"与"难问题"的区分确立为问题研究的切入点,巧妙构思,提出了自然主义二元论的解释方案,其思想的实质是计算功能主义与属性二元论的结合,但其主要遵循的是细致入微的概念分析和逻辑严谨的思想论证,带有一定程度的主观性和猜测性,容易陷入思考困境之中。意识"难问题"的确是一个难问题,对此只能试图从亚里士多德的哲学传统与伽利略的数理科学传统的对比中寻找新路径,希望诉诸自然科学层面"怎么样"的问题来回答意识本体论层面"是什么"和"为什么"的问题。To resolve the mystery of consciousness, David J. Chalmers, established the distinction of the ＂easy problem＂ and the ＂hard problem＂ as the breakthrough point. And he proposed the naturalistic dualism extensively, which is the combination of computational functionalism and property dualism. However, the theory is mainly based on the detailed analysis of the concept and the rigorous argument, which shows a certain degree of subjectivity and speculativeness. Thus, it falls into the trouble easily. The ＂hard problem＂ of consciousness is really a hard question. A new pathway from the contrast between Aristotle＇s tradition of philosophy and Galileo＇s tradition of mathematical sciences has been discovered, and ＂what＂ and ＂why＂ questions of the ontological level of consciousness are expected to answer by resorting to ＂how＂ question of natural science.

关 键 词：意识“难问题” 自然主义二元论 非还原性 随附性 

分 类 号：N0[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]