生物炭对塿土CH4、N2O排放的影响  

Effect of Biochar on CH_4 and N_2O Emissions from Lou Soil

作　　者：周凤 许晨阳 王月玲 林云 王强 张彤彤 耿增超 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,杨凌712100

出　　处：《环境科学》2017年第9期3831-3839,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：杨凌示范区科技计划项目(2015SF-03)

摘　　要：为了探讨生物炭对塿土CH_4、N_2O排放的影响,采用田间小区试验,测定了生物炭不同添加量(0、20、40、60、80t·hm-2)下冬小麦田CH_4、N_2O的吸收/排放通量、小麦产量、土壤有机碳、土壤含水率及不同土层土壤温度.结果表明,CH_4、N_2O的吸收/排放通量随生育期不同变化明显.添加生物炭后,CH_4累积吸收量增加了12.88%~71.61%,当添加量≥40 t·hm-2时,增"汇"作用达到显著水平,且添加量为40 t·hm-2时CH_4累积吸收量最高;N_2O累积排放量和全球增温潜势与对照相比没有显著差异;温室气体强度降低了13.24%~22.14%.添加生物炭提高了冬小麦产量,增产幅度为1.72%~32.19%,当添加量≥40 t·hm-2时,麦田增产效果达到显著水平,40 t·hm-2生物炭为麦田增产的最适添加量.同时,添加生物炭显著提高了土壤有机碳和土壤含水率,与对照相比,分别增加了1.42~2.69倍、7.08%~11.96%.综合来看,试验塿土表现为CH_4汇和N_2O源的功能,40 t·hm-2是其适宜的生物炭添加量.In order to investigate the effect of biochar on CH4 and N2O emissions from Lou soil,field plot experiments of winter wheat were conducted with five levels of biochar addition（ 0,20,40,60,and 80 t·hm^-2）. The fluxes of CH4 and N2O,wheat production,soil organic carbon,soil water content,and temperature of each soil layer were measured. The results showed that the fluxes of CH4 and N2O changed significantly in different growth periods of winter wheat. Compared with the control,the cumulative CH4 uptake under the biochar amendment increased by 12. 88%-71. 61%. When the biochar addition was ≥40 t·hm^-2,the cumulative CH4 uptake was significantly higher and the highest uptake was at the level of 40 t·hm^-2. Biochar amendment had no significant effect on cumulative N2O emissions and the global warming potential（ GDP）. The greenhouse gas intensity（ GHGI） decreased by 13. 24%-22. 14%. The wheat yield increased by 1. 72%-32. 19% after biochar addition. When the applied biochar level was ≥40 t·hm^-2,the wheat yield increments were significantly higher. The biochar addition of 40 t·hm^-2 was the optimal level for increasing the wheat yield. The soil organic carbon and water content under biochar amendment increased by 1. 42-2. 69 times and 7. 08%-11. 96%,respectively. The results suggested that Lou soil was the sink of atmospheric CH4 and the emission source of N2O during the winter wheat growth period,and the biochar level of 40 t·hm^-2 was the optimal addition amount.

关 键 词：生物炭 CH4吸收 N2O排放 全球增温潜势 温室气体强度 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]