红松不同杂交组合种实形态与营养成分变异研究  

Variations in Nutrition Compositions and Morphology Characteristics in Different Hybrid Combination of Korean Pine(Pinus koraiensis)

作　　者：莫迟[1] 张海啸[1] 张磊[1] 侯丹[1] 张含国[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林木遗传育种国家重点实验室,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《植物研究》2017年第5期700-708,共9页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：黑龙江省林业厅项目"红松采穗圃与坚果林营建技术研究"(201501)~~

摘　　要：为了解红松杂交子代种实性状变异规律,选育优良杂交组合,本文对44个不同杂交组合的红松种子的12个性状进行变异分析、相关分析、方差分析和主成分选择。结果表明:红松种实形态性状中种长变异系数最低,为10.65%,种子重变异系数最大,为36.35%。主要营养成分中油脂变异系数最低,为8.07%,多糖变异系数最高,为30.89%。相关分析表明种仁重、百粒重与种长呈正相关关系,通过选择种长较大的家系来提高种仁重与百粒重指标。44个不同杂交组合红松种实的形态性状与营养性状间均存在显著差异。通过主成分分析,选出3个综合性状优良的杂交组合,出仁率、种子重、百粒重、种仁重、油脂含量的现实增益分别达到7.52%、27.89%、13.14%、9.85%、10.08%,其中011×153出仁率、种子重、种仁重杂种优势最大,分别达到34.59%、95.75%和43.23%,156×161的百粒重与油脂含量杂交优势最大,为24.58%和24.87%。对具有相同亲本的杂交组合各性状进行杂种优势分析发现,以011为母本的杂交组合杂种优势较大,以174为父本的杂交组合杂种优势较大。红松不同杂交组合种实形态性状与营养成分存在丰富变异可供选择利用,为红松坚果林选育提供了理论与物质基础。With 12 seed traits of 44 different hybridized combination,we studied the variation of seed traits of Korean pine hybrids and breed hybrid combinations. The coefficient of variation of length of seed was the lowest（ 10. 65%）,and the coefficient of variation of weight of seed was the highest（ 36. 35%） in seed morphological traits of Pinus koraiensis. Fat content variation coefficient was the lowest（ 8. 07%） among the main nutrition compositions,while polysaccharides contents was the highest（ 30. 89%）. The correlation analysis showed that the length positively correlated with kernel weight and 100-grain weight,and thus selecting large length of seeds can improve the kernel weight and 100 grain weight. These nutritional components and morphological traits displayed significant differences among 44 different hybridized combinations. Three fine crosses were selected from 44 different hybridized combinations by principal component analysis. The realistic gain of their kernel yield,seed weight,100-grain weight,kernel weight and fat content were 7. 52%,27. 89%,13. 14%,9. 85% and 10. 08%,respectively. The heterosis of seed weight,seed weight and kernel weight of 011 × 153 was the highest,which were 34. 59%,95. 75% and 43. 23%,respectively. The 100-grain weight and the fat content of 156 × 161 were the largest,which were 24. 58% and 24. 87%,respectively. The results of heterosis analysis showed that the hybrids with 011 as female parent had higher heterosis,while the hybrids with 174 as male parent had higher heterosis. Korean pine cross breeding could induce abundant variations,and the selection of excellent hybrid combinations could provide a choice for the construction of nut-production forest.

关 键 词：红松 杂交组合 形态性状 营养成分 变异分析 

分 类 号：S722.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种]