儒家“亚圣”名号变迁考--关于宋元政治与理学道统论之互动研究  

A Study of Changes in the Designation of the Confucian “Second Sage”:A Study of the Interaction of Politics and Neo-Confucian Orthodoxy in the Song and Yuan Dynasties

作　　者：赵宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系,北京100871

出　　处：《历史研究》2017年第4期43-61,共19页Historical Research

摘　　要：儒家"亚圣"名号从颜子到孟子的转移,远比人们过去所知的情况要复杂。在中古时期,颜回是长期获得朝野主流承认的儒家"亚圣"。北宋熙丰新政中始以颜孟并配孔子,然受五贤信仰遗留影响牵制,孟子位次颜回,大体可称"亚圣之次"。宋金对峙期间,南北广泛出现两个"亚圣"并称的特殊现象,体现颜孟并配的常识化与理学道统说之初兴。在宋高宗绍兴之训和朱熹《四书》构建的道统话语中,孟子地位及影响渐逾颜子,迨理宗绾合朝野道统论,官方颁示的《道统十三赞》首次舍颜子而独称孟子"亚圣"。随着理学北传,元文宗正式封孟子为"亚圣公",颜回则被改封"复圣公"。儒家"亚圣"名号从颜子到孟子的曲折变迁,映照出宋元时代理学道统论渐次兴起及与政治体制互动整饬的图景。The Confucian title of'Second Sage'(yasheng)at first designated Yan Zi,but later referred to Mencius.The details of this change are more complex than is generally known.In middle antiquity,Yan Zi had long been known both at court and among the common people as the Confucian'Second Sage.'In the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty Xifeng reign period,new policies were launched,and it was at this time that Yan Zi and Mencius began to be mentioned alongside Confucius.However,because of the influence of the belief in'five sages,'Mencius was listed below Yan Zi,and generally known as'next to the Second Sage.'During the confrontation between the Song and Jin dynasties,two'Second Sages'coexisted in both the north and the south,showing that the juxtaposition of Yan Zi and Mencius had become common parlance and that orthodox Neo-Confucian teachings had been initially established.An edict issued in the sixth year of the Shaoxing reign period by Song Emperor Gaozong,together with Zhu Xi’s Four Books,built an orthodox discourse in which the status and influence of Mencius gradually superseded that of Yan Zi.When the Song Emperor Lizong brought together the orthodox teachings of the court and those of the common people in the officially published'Thirteen Eulogies of Orthodox Teachings'(Daotong shisan zan),Mencius was for the first time the sole Second Sage.As Neo-Confucianism spread to the north,Yuan Emperor Wenzong formally gave Mencius the title of Second Sage(yasheng gong),and changed Yan Hui’s title to Restored Sage(fusheng gong).The twists and turns in the shift of the Confucian designation of'Second Sage'from Yan Zi to Mencius illuminate the emergence of NeoConfucian orthodoxy in the Song and Yuan dynasties and the consolidation of its interaction with the political system.

关 键 词：亚圣 颜回 孟子 宋元 理学道统论 

分 类 号：B244[哲学宗教—中国哲学]