“可敦墓”考--兼论十一世纪初期契丹与中亚之交通  

An Investigation of Qatun Sn:With Comments on the Transportation between Khitan and Central Asia in the Early 11th Century

作　　者：白玉冬[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学历史文化旅游学院,大连116029

出　　处：《历史研究》2017年第4期158-170,共13页Historical Research

基　　金：日本学术振兴会外籍特别研究员奖励金项目“丝路史观下的西州回鹘史研究:以人、物的流动与文化的传播为核心”;新疆师范大学西域文史研究中心招标项目“突厥文回鹘文摩尼教历史相关文献辑录”项目资助

摘　　要：《突厥语大词典》记录的古地名Qatun Sn"可敦墓"位于哈密东,纬度与哈密相同,难以勘同为呼和浩特南郊的昭君墓。以《突厥语大词典》圆形地图给出的于都斤的地理方位——额尔齐斯河源头为参照物,探讨Qatun Sn"可敦墓"的地理位置,其前提偏离了正常的研究轨迹。将昭君墓视作可敦墓,存在名称上的龃龉与逻辑思维上的本末倒置。将《突厥语大词典》所述与唐古特族发生过战斗的Qatun Sn"可敦墓",视作漠北达靼地内的镇州可敦城不悖于理。虽然漠南地区存在连接契丹与西夏、喀喇汗朝的通路,但马卫集记录的由喀喇汗朝前往契丹的交通线,是从沙州经由漠北的于都斤与镇州可敦城后抵达契丹,反映的是11世纪初期的情况。Qatun Sn,an ancient place documented in the Dīwān Luγāt at-Turk(Compendium of the Turkic Dialects),was located east to Hami.It had the same latitude as Hami does,so it cannot be identified as the Zhaojun Tomb,which was located in the southern suburbs of Hohhot.On the circular map in Dīwān Luγāt at-Turk the geographical position of tǖkan is near the origin of the Irtysh River.But discussions about the geographical location of Qatun Snbased on this information suffer from a deviation.Taking Zhaojun Tomb as Qatun Snis a mismatch in name and reversed in logic.In contrast,it is reasonable to view Qatun Sn,whose people once fought with the Tanggut according to Dīwān Luγāt at-Turk,as a city located within the area under the control of the Tartars in the Mobei region.There did exist in the Monan region a path connecting Khitan to Xi Xia and the Kara-Khanid Khanate.But this route in question,based on Sharaf alZamān Tāhir Marvazī,started from Shazhou,passed through tǖkan in Mobei and Qatun Snand finally reached Khitan;this was the situation in the early 11th century.

关 键 词：可敦墓 《突厥语大词典》 于都斤 契丹喀喇汗朝 

分 类 号：K928.6[历史地理—人文地理学]