冲角对车轮与道岔尖轨弹塑性接触的影响  

Influence of Attack Angle on Theelastoplastic Contact Between Wheel and Switch Rail

作　　者：刘思莹[1] 张军 马贺[1] 徐永绥[1] Liu Siying Zhang Jun Ma He Xu Yongsui(School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028 School of Mechanical - Electronic and Vehicle Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044)

机构地区：[1]大连交通大学交通运输工程学院,大连116028 [2]北京建筑大学机电与车辆工程学院,北京100044

出　　处：《北京建筑大学学报》2017年第3期46-50,共5页Journal of Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金指导计划项目(201602132)

摘　　要：在机车运行中轮轨间存在冲角,改变轮轨接触关系.针对冲角对车轮与尖轨接触的影响问题,建立了车轮—尖轨接触三维有限元模型,通过弹塑性接触计算,分析不同冲角工况下的接触情况.结果表明:轮轨间冲角的存在,导致车轮与钢轨接触位置发生改变,基本轨和尖轨接触斑中心不在同一钢轨横断面上,冲角越大,超前或滞后的数值越大;车轮与尖轨接触法向力随冲角的增大而增大;不同冲角工况下车轮与尖轨的接触等效应力变化规律基本一致,最大等效应力均出现在2 m位置处;冲角的增大会造成尖轨前端等效应力增大,导致车轮轮缘与尖轨的磨耗增加,降低车轮和尖轨的使用寿命.In the process of locomotive operation, there is attack angle between wheel and rail, which changes wheel-rail contact relation. Therefore, aiming at the influence of attack angle on the contact between wheel and switch rail, the three-dimensional finite element models of wheel-rail contact in turnout zone are established. Based on the elastoplastic contact calculation, the wheel-rail contact under different working conditions is analyzed. The conclusions are as follows. Because of the attack angle, the wheel-rail contact position is changed. And the centers of stock rail contact patch and switch rail contact patch are not on the same rail cross section. With the attack angle increasing, the advanced or hysteresis value is more obvious and the contact normal force between wheel and switch rail increases. The changing laws of the equivalent stress with different attack angles are almost the same. The equivalent stress reaches to the maximum on the switch rail at 2 mm position away from the surface. And the increasing attack angle causes that the equivalent stress of the front switch rail increases, which would result in increasing the wear and reducing the service life of the wheel and switch rail.

关 键 词：冲角 道岔尖轨 轮轨接触 机车车轮 

分 类 号：U264.8[机械工程—车辆工程] U211.5[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]