富营养化河道引清渐推生态修复工程模式研究  

A new clearwater-leading bioremediation engineering model for eutrophic watercourse in Dishui lake tributary

作　　者：陶燕东 康银花[1,2] 吴建勇[1,2] 温文科[1,2] 邵留[1,2] 于克锋[1,2] 何培民[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学上海高校水域环境生态工程研究中心,上海201306

出　　处：《生态科学》2017年第4期128-136,共9页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31502172);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大项目(2008ZX07101-012);上海市自然科学基金(12ZR1444900);上海海洋大学重点课程建设项目(A10209)

摘　　要：2014年2月10日至3月28日对滴水湖外围中涟河道实施以引清调水引导的沉水植物生态修复工程,从临近的D港引入清水快速提高水体透明度,然后移栽苦草(Vallisnerianatans)、伊乐藻(Elodea nuttalii)、龙须眼子菜(Potamogetonpectinatus)等沉水植物,构建水生植物群落。跟踪监测总氮(TN)、氨态氮(NH_4^+-N)、硝态氮(NO_3~–-N)、亚硝态氮(NO_2~–-N)、总磷(TP)和磷酸盐(PO_4^(3–)-P)等水质指标,分析该生态工程对富营养化河道的修复效果。结果表明:工程实施后第2个月,修复区沉水植物的覆盖率由移栽初期的60%提高到85%,水体综合营养状态指数比对照区降低了19.31%,达到中营养水平,修复效果显著(P<0.05)。6个月后,修复河道水体内总氮、氨态氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮、总磷、磷酸盐的浓度与对照区相比显著降低,削减率分别为43.86%、61.17%、51.90%、72.62%、43.86%和55.71%,水体透明度比对照区提高81.82%,综合营养状态指数显示修复区水体仍保持在中营养状态。引清渐推生态修复工程对富营养化河道修复效果明显,为我国南方河网较密集区的河道生态修复提供更多的治理思路。The clearwater-leading bioremediation engineering was carried out in the diversion channel of Dishui Lake from Feb to Mar 2014.In order to improve the transparency of the water body rapidly, three-quarter of the waters were replaced by drawing fresh water from river near the site. Submerged plants, such as Vallisnerianatans, Elodea nuttalii, Potamogetonpectinatus, were transplanted into the diversion channel bottom. The water quality indexes including total nitrogen（TN）, ammonium nitrogen（NH_4~＋-N）, nitrite nitrogen（NO_2~–-N）, nitrate（NO_3~–-N）, total phosphorus（TP） and phosphate（PO_4^（3–）-P） were monitored, and the bioremediation effect was evaluated. The results showed that the coverage rate of submerged plant increased from 60% to 85%, and comprehensive nutrition state index increased from medium eutrophication level to medium nutrient level after two months. After six months, the concentrations of TN, NH_4~＋-N, NO_3~–-N, NO_2~–-N, TP and PO_4^（3–）-P in the bioremediated watercourse decreased by 43.86%,61.17 %, 51.90%, 72.62%, 43.86% and 55.71%, respectively. Water transparency increased about 81.82% compared with controls. In conclusion, the water quality of eutrophicated rivers can be improved rapidly by clearwater-leading bioremediation engineering.

关 键 词：引清渐推 滴水湖 河道 富营养化 生态修复 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]