虚假诉讼罪的基本问题  

The Basic Problems of the Crime of False Litigation

作　　者：莫洪宪[1] 周天泓 Mo Hongxian Zhou Tianhong

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《刑法论丛》2016年第3期336-358,共23页Criminal Law Review

摘　　要：虚假的民事诉讼不仅侵害了司法的客观公正性，使司法权威受损，同时也侵害了他人的合法权益。但是以往的处理方案难以进行全面评价，《刑法修正案（九）》将其单独立法定罪值得肯定。“虚假诉讼罪”作为罪名，既不能发挥罪名的界分功能，也不能显示罪名的定义功能，因此需要修改。罪状中“捏造事实”含义宽泛，外延模糊，应当限制解释为“虚构民事法律关系的行为”。“妨害司法秩序”和“严重侵害他人合法权益”作为本罪的入罪标准，应当是递进关系而不是择一关系。307条之一中规定的“又构成其他犯罪的”，包括成立诈骗罪、贪污罪、职务侵占罪等，虚假诉讼罪与诈骗罪成立法条竞舍，与贪污罪、职务侵占罪成立想象竞合。司法工作人员参与虚假诉讼时，应当根据其在虚假诉讼中的地位、作用，进行区分定性。False lawsuit is not only a violation of the judicial impartiality, damaging the judicial authority, but also damages the lawful rights and interests of others. But previous solutions can not make a comprehensive evaluation. Therefore, it is necessary to set up a new crime. The name of ＂False litigation＂ as the name of this crime, can not show differences between crimes, therefore it is needed to be modified. The meaning of ＂fabricate facts＂ in article 35 of ninth amendment is broad and vague, which should be limited as a ＂fiction of civil legal relationship＂. ＂Impeding judicial order＂ and ＂encroaching on the legitimate rights and interests of others＂ as the conviction standard should be considered strictly, in order to coordinate civil procedure law. The third paragraph of article 307 of criminal law is to make up for the loopholes in the sentence, in which there are a variety of conditions needed to draw distinctions in application. Judicial staff members involved in false litigation should be recognized by status and roles in the false litigation.

关 键 词：虚假诉讼 构成要件 法条关系 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]