某飞行器表面硅基热防护材料静电起电和泄漏特性及其影响因素  

Characteristics and Influence Factors of Electrostatic Triboelectrification and Leakage in Silica-reinforced Thermal Protection Materials on Aircraft Surface

作　　者：刘浩[1] 刘尚合[1] 胡小锋[1] 魏明[1] 杜照恒[1] 王雷[1] 

机构地区：[1]军械工程学院静电与电磁防护技术研究所,石家庄050003

出　　处：《高电压技术》2017年第9期3050-3054,共5页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61172035)~~

摘　　要：为研究飞行器表面硅基热防护材料静电起电和泄漏特性,进行了不同微粒摩擦下的材料起电实验及不同质量烧蚀率、不同温度下的材料表面电阻率实验。结果表明:材料与沙砾摩擦后均带正电,与冰晶摩擦后均带负电,无烧蚀硅基材料起电量明显高于烧蚀后的;随着质量烧蚀率的增加,由于碳化层裸露面积比例增大,材料表面电阻率逐渐降低;当温度<460℃时,随温度的上升,电子和离子的热运动加剧,材料表面电阻率逐渐降低;当温度>460℃时,树脂发生热解,释放气体留下固体碳层,材料表面电阻率出现急剧下降;烧蚀后的(质量烧蚀率≥1.95 g/s)和高温(≥460℃)硅基材料的表面电阻率均达到了静电导体的标准,具有良好的静电泄漏特性。To study the electrostatic triboelectrification and leakage characteristics of the silica-reinforced thermal protection materials on aircraft surface, we expermentally investigated the materials triboelectrification characteristics with different particulates, and measured the surface resistivity of material at different mass ablation rates and temperatures. The results show that the triboelectrification polarities of the materials with gravel and ice crystal are positive and negative, respectively, and the triboelectrification quantity of non-ablated material is obviously more than that of the ablated material. Due to the increasing proportion of the carbonization layer, the material surface resistivity decreases gradually with the increase of mass ablation rate. When the temperature is lower than 460 ℃, the thermal motions of electrons and ions are intensified with increasing temperature, which results in the decrease of surface resistivity. When the temperature is higher than 460 ℃, the resin starts to pyrolyze, then releases gas and leaves the solid carbon layer, therefore, the material surface resistivity decreases rapidly. After materials being ablated（mass ablation rate ≥1.95 g/s） or heated at high temperature（≥460 ℃）, the surface resistivity reaches the criterion of electrostatic conductor, proving that the materials have good electrostatic leakage characteristics.

关 键 词：硅基 热防护 烧蚀 静电起电 表面电阻率 飞行器 

分 类 号：V244.1[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] V250[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]