中国典型河湖水体铅的水生生物安全基准与生态风险评价  

Aquatic Quality Criteria and Ecological Risk Assessment for Lead in Typical Waters of China

作　　者：王菲[1] 廖静[1,2] 茅丹俊 孙成 杨绍贵[1] 周俊丽[3] 刘红玲[1] 高士祥[1] 李梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学环境学院,南京210023 [2]南京泓泰环境检测有限公司,南京210023 [3]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2017年第3期434-445,共12页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项资助(2017ZX07301-002)

摘　　要：采用物种敏感度排序法(SSR)对我国铅的淡水水生生物安全基准进行推导,并以太湖为例进行了流域水生生物安全基准推导。对于难以获得的本土生物毒性数据,开展了相应的毒性试验。获得了我国国家与太湖流域铅的水生生物安全基准值,基准最大浓度(CMC)分别为63.92、104.26μg·L-1,基准连续浓度(CCC)分别为1.21、4.06μg·L-1。同时,对我国主要河流以及太湖流域进行了铅的生态风险评价,联合概率曲线法显示影响5%水生生物种类的概率分别为66.22%和43.19%,熵值法则显示中国主要河流存在较大的铅暴露风险,因此,我国铅的潜在生态风险较大,主要河流与太湖流域存在铅污染问题。The aquatic quality criteria of lead in China were derived by the methods of species sensitivity rank. Several toxicity tests were added for the local species due to the shortage of toxicity data. The criteria of lead in Taihu watershed were also derived based on the parameters and formulas of freshwater soluble metallic quality criteria made by US EPA. The results showed that the criteria maximum concentration （CMC） and the criteria continuous concentration （CCC） values of lead were 63.92 μg ·L^-1 and 1.21 μg· L^-1 in China, and those were 104.26 μg· L^-1 and 4.06 μg ·L^-1 in Taihu watershed, respectively. Also, ecological risk assessments of lead exposure to aquatic ecosystem were conducted by the quotient method and the probabilistic approach. Risk quotients （RQ） showed that the potential ecological risk of lead in main rivers of China was high. The joint probability curve approach showed that the probabilities at 5% of the affected aquatic organisms were 66.22% in China and 43.19% in Taihu watershed, respectively, which also showed a high potential ecological risk of lead.

关 键 词：铅 水质基准 物种敏感度排序法 生态风险评价 熵值法 概率风险评价法 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]