从现象学到谱系学——尼采哲学的两重面向  

From Phenomenology to Genealogy——Two Faces of Nietzschean Philosophy

作　　者：吴增定[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系

出　　处：《哲学研究》2017年第9期90-97,共8页Philosophical Research

摘　　要：尼采哲学同胡塞尔、海德格尔和梅勒-庞蒂等为代表的现象学有着很多共识。首先,尼采哲学同现象学一样抛弃了现象与本体或"物自身"的形而上学的二元对立,肯定了现象是唯一的实在,并认为现象就是权力意志;其次,尼采认为权力意志是具有赋予和创造意义的"意向性"特征;最后,尼采还承认权力意志的意义赋予或创造具有时间性的视角特征。从这些共识来说,尼采哲学可以被看成是一种现象学。但是,尼采哲学不只有现象学的一面,还包含了谱系学的一面。作为一个谱系学家,他否定了现象学的"明见性"原则以及对于"起源"的追求,而是认为任何"起源"都是历史性的,都是权力意志的偶然产物。从这一点来说,尼采哲学同时包含了超出现象学的新视野。There are many common understandings between Nietzschean philosophy and the phenomenology represented by Husserl,Heidegger,and Merleau-Ponty among others.Firstly,Nietzsche like most phenomenologists abandons the metaphysical dualism of phenomenon and noumenon or'the thing in itself,'maintaining that phenomena are the only real things and understanding them as the will to power.Secondly,Nietzsche holds that the will to power is intentional,that is,sense-giving.Finally,Nietzsche admits that the sense-giving of the will to power has a temporal perspective.According to these common understandings,Nietzschean philosophy can be regarded as a phenomenology in his own right.Besides this,Nietzschean philosophy also has a genealogical dimension,i.e.Nietzsche denies phenomenology’s principle of selfevidence and its pursuit of origins.For Nietzsche,every origin is a historical and contingent expression of the will to power.As far as this is concerned,Nietzschean philosophy goes beyond phenomenology.

关 键 词：现象 权力意志 视角主义 谱系学 

分 类 号：B516.47[哲学宗教—外国哲学]