一种台风风场动力学订正方法的研究  

Investigation on a Dynamical Correction Method of Wind Field in Typhoons

作　　者：王宇星[1] 杨学联[2] 蔡琼琼[2] 韩振宇[3] 郑腾飞[4] WANG Yuxing YANG Xuelian CAI Qiongqiong HAN Zhenyu ZHENG Tengfei(National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, SOA, Beijing 100194, China National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, SOA, Beifing 100081, China National Climate Center, Belting 100081, China Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, CMA, Guangzhou 510080, China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局海洋减灾中心,北京100194 [2]国家海洋环境预报中心,北京100081 [3]国家气候中心,北京100081 [4]中国气象局广州热带海洋气象研究所,广东广州510080

出　　处：《灾害学》2017年第4期51-59,共9页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201505018);国家自然科学基金项目(41405075;41405101)

摘　　要：结合模型风场和数值风场的优点,通过对台风速度场进行涡度场和散度场的动力学分解和合成,提出一种台风风场的动力学订正方法。利用南海海域4场典型的台风个例,检验订正后的合成风场较之于模型风场和数值风场的优势,结果表明:合成风场的模拟结果得到明显改进,既能对台风中心进行精确定位,准确模拟台风眼附近的风场,又保留了数值风场在台风外围的优势;不仅对极值风速、极值时间的模拟非常准确,对弱风的模拟也与观测吻合良好。合成风场与观测风速的多台站统计分析表明,合成风场对实际风场的相位和大小模拟较好,对强风持续时间和极值时间的模拟准确性有显著提高,满足风暴潮等海洋灾害的模拟对于大气强迫场的精度要求。Accurate atmospheric forcing field is critical to the simulation of storm surge and other marine disasters. We combine the advantages of empirical and numerical wind fields,and presents a new method of wind field correction through dynamical decomposition of vorticity velocity and divergence velocity from the typhoon wind field. Four typical typhoon cases over South China Sea are used to compare the accuracy between synthetic wind field and empirical or numerical wind fields,the results show that the wind field simulation in synthetic model is improved significantly. The synthetic model could locate the typhoon center precisely and simulate the wind field around typhoon eyes accurately,as well as maintain the predominance of numerical wind field over typhoon periphery. Both of the extreme wind speeds and peak time of wind sequences are simulated exactly,and the modellings of weak wind are also consistent with observation. The multi-site analysis shows that,the phases and magnitudes of wind field simulation in synthetic model are consistent with observation,and the simulation performances of wind duration and peak time simulation are improved significantly in synthetic model,which satisfy the accuracy requirements of atmospheric forcing field in marine disaster simulation.

关 键 词：台风 风场 动力学订正 合成风场 涡度场速度 散度场速度 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] P435[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]