印度季风与西风相互作用在现代青藏高原产生连锁式环境效应  

Chained Impacts on Modern Environment of Interaction between Westerlies and Indian Monsoon on Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：姚檀栋[1,2] 朴世龙[1,2,3] 沈妙根 高晶[1,2] 杨威[1,2] 张国庆[1,2] 类延斌[1,2] 高杨[1,2] 朱立平[1,2] 徐柏青[1,2] 余武生 李生海[1] Yao Tandong Piao Shilong Shen Miaogen Gao Jing Yang Wei Zhang Guoqing Lei Yanbin Gao Yang Zhu Liping Xu Baiqing Yu Wusheng Li Shenghai(Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心,北京100101 [2]中国科学院青藏高原研究所,北京100101 [3]北京大学城市与环境学院生态学系,北京100871

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2017年第9期976-984,共9页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：中科院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB03000000)

摘　　要：西风与印度季风两大环流是控制青藏高原气候与环境变化的决定性因素。研究显示两大环流的影响范围和程度具有明显的空间分异:基于降水稳定同位素实测与模型模拟发现青藏高原现代西风与印度季风的相互作用特征表现为3种模态,即印度季风模态、西风模态和过渡模态。基于湖泊沉积记录的分析,发现3种模态主控范围在历史时期不断发生变化。3种模态对现代青藏高原环境产生连锁式环境效应,使得该区的冰川、湖泊、生态系统变化具有明显的区域特征,具体表现为印度季风模态的冰川强烈退缩,湖泊趋于萎缩;西风模态的冰川趋于稳定甚至部分出现前进,湖泊趋于扩张;过渡模态的冰川退缩程度减弱,湖泊变化不明显。西风模态的植被返青期提前,印度季风模态的植被返青期推后,而过渡模态的植被过程比较复杂。The westerlies and the Indian monsoon are the primary atmospheric circulations impacting climate and environmental changes on the Tibetan Plateau. Our results reveal that both the intensity and extent influenced by these two circulations display distinct spatial and temporal patterns. Based on both the in-situ oxygen stable isotope in precipitation and simulation from high resolution isotopic GCM models, three modes of interaction between the westerlies and the Indian monsoon （the westerlies model; the transitional model; and the monsoonal model） were founded on the Tibetan Plateau. The lake sediment further evidence that the extents of three model domains display the temporally change. We also found three distinct change patterns of glaciers, lakes, and ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau which corresponded to three models of interaction between the westerlies and the Indian monsoon. In the monsoon domain, it is characterized with greatest glacial retreat, widespread reduction in lake area, and the delay in green-up dates; in contrast, the stable or even increasing glacial volumes, significant lake expansion, and an advance in green-up dates were found in the westerlies domain; the relative complex process of glaciers, lakes, and ecosystem occurs in the transitional domain.

关 键 词：西风 印度季风 青藏高原 环境效应 

分 类 号：P463[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P941