代谢工程改造大肠杆菌生产乳酸的研究进展  

Progresses in the metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for lactic acid production

作　　者：张利华[1] 陈献忠[1] 沈微[1] 樊游[1] 

机构地区：[1]江南大学生物工程学院,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《生物加工过程》2017年第5期48-56,共9页Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(JUSRP51611A)

摘　　要：乳酸是自然界中最小的手性分子,广泛应用于食品、医药和化工等领域,同时也是合成生物可降解塑料——聚乳酸的前体。目前,化学合成法和微生物发酵法是生产乳酸的两种主要方法,而后者在底物的可再生性、产物光学纯度和环境友好等方面均具有潜在优势。自然界中许多微生物细胞都能合成和积累乳酸,如大肠杆菌、酿酒酵母和乳酸菌等。与乳酸菌、芽胞乳杆菌和谷氨酸棒状杆菌等乳酸生产菌株相比,大肠杆菌具有生长速度快、营养要求简单、易于高密度发酵、代谢网络清楚、遗传操作方法成熟和产物乳酸光学纯度高等优势。本文中,笔者介绍了乳酸的研究现状及其在工业生产领域中的作用,系统综述了国内外通过代谢工程改造大肠杆菌生产乳酸的研究进展,在此基础上展望了乳酸生产研究的发展方向,以期为其工业应用提供参考。As the simplest hydroxyl acid,lact ic acid is one of the most important organic acids in food, pharmaceut ical,cosmetic and chemical industries.More important ly,it is used to produce polylact ic acid （PLA）,a biodegradable polymer of great interest because i t can be produced from renewable means and biodegradable in nature. Present ly,lact ic acid can be synthesized either chemically or by microbial fermentation. However, mic ro b ia l fermentation has some potent ial advantages in using renewable substrates,high opt ical purity and environmentally friendly process. There are many strains capable of producing lact ic acid such as Escherichia co l i, Lactobacillus, Bacillus coagulans and Corynebacterium glutamicum.Owing to a rapid do ub lin g t ime and growth rate,and the a v a i la b i l ity of excellent genetic tools for strain improvement, E. coli strains have been developed for effective production of D- and L - la c t ic acid using a metabolic engineering approach. This review describes the physicochemical properties of lacticacid as wel l as the state of its research and appl icat ion. Fur thermore,we focus on recent efforts devoted to metabolic engineering of E.coli fo r the production of la c t ic acid. Als o,this review presents the guidelines for further developments in lact ic acid production using E.coli.

关 键 词：大肠杆菌 乳酸 代谢工程 细胞工厂 

分 类 号：Q819[生物学—生物工程]