先秦形容词性反义并列词语成词规律考  

The Law of Forming Adjective Anti-sense Parallel Phrases into Words in pre-Qin Dynasties

作　　者：赵明秀 

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学人文社会科学学部,北京100083

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第4期44-51,共8页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：根据成词标准,先秦时期成词的形容词性反义并列词语有四个:长短、大小、高下、轻重。对先秦20部口语性强、具有典型性、能够代表当时语言面貌的文献中这四个词语的出现情况加以考证,可以发现,这四个反义并列词语都是成词之后表示度量之义的反义并列词语。其能够成词,原因有二:一是在上下文中出现的位置上与"度""量"等词或表示程度、数量的词语搭配时,容易成词;二是未成词的意义消失了其作为形容词所表现出来的特征,而只保留所形容的事物,变成表示度量之义时,容易成词。而限制成词的因素也有两个:上下文中出现x和y单用的情况;与其他反义并列词语对举出现。Following the rules of word formation,four adjective antisense parallel phrases formed into words in pre-Qin dynasties：＂Chang Duan （long-short） ＂＂Da Xiao （big-small） ＂＂Gao Xia （highlow）＂＂Qing Zhong （light-heavy）＂.After researching the appearing situation of the four words in 20 literal texts in pre-Qin dynasties which are more oral-biased and typical of the contemporaneity of the language of that time,it is found that the four adjective antisense parallel phrases all express the meaning of measurement when they became words.There are two reasons for this：a.in the context,they are in collocation with words as ＂Du＂＂Liang＂ （measurement）,or words that have the meaning of quantity; b.the meaning of the original adjectival features remain only as the things they formerly described,and they would not become words only if they described measurement.The factors that set limits to becoming word are that in the context,the two words x and y are also used independently,in contrast to other antisense parallel phrases.

关 键 词：汉语史 先秦时期 形容词 反义并列词语 成词 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]