重点学科建设对地方高等教育系统的影响:以H省为例  

Influence of Key Discipline Construction on Local Higher Education System:A Case Study of H Province

作　　者：胡炳仙[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]教育部民族教育发展中心民族教育政策与法规重点研究基地 [2]中南民族大学

出　　处：《大学教育科学》2017年第5期21-29,共9页University Education Science

基　　金：国家社科基金(教育学)青年项目"重点大学建设制度对非重点高校发展的影响"(CIA120144)

摘　　要：大学中的学科是高等教育系统的学术组织,学科发展是学科自身连续不断进步发展的过程,学科建设是不同主体特别是政府采取一定手段措施推动学科发展的社会实践活动。重点学科建设是社会建构模式的重要体现,具有行政性、封闭性、荣誉性等特征,我国采用社会建构的学科建设模式。地方高等教育系统中的重点学科建设经历了初始期、发展期和转型期三个阶段,形成了国家重点学科、省级重点学科和校级重点学科三个层次。重点学科建设一方面加剧了地方高等教育系统的非均衡性,另一方面也推动了地方高等教育系统内部学科发展的趋同性。由于三种机制的交叉作用,这一趋同性不断加剧,势必影响地方高等教育系统的多样化发展。因此,政府需要从学科发展的内在逻辑出发,减少行政干预,引入市场和社会机制,推动高校尤其是地方一般高校学科发展不断走向正规。Disciplines of the higher education system are academic organizations.The development of a discipline is a process of continuous progress and development of the discipline by itself.The discipline construction is a social practice of promoting the development of a discipline by different entities,especially the government.Unlike the academic self-organizing model in Western Countries' universities,the social construction model of discipline construction are adopted in China,which is dominated by administrative power.As an social construction model with Chinese characteristics,the key discipline construction is an social activity which government departments select a group of priority disciplines in universities and carry on major inputs and significant construction.This is a complete discipline system,including access mechanism of key disciplines,management mechanism and withdrawal mechanism of key disciplines.The key discipline construction is a social construction pattern which has the characteristics of being led by administrative departments,exclusively engineered by a circle of personalities who have the honor to implement the construction in China.China has carried out three times of national key disciplines reviewing and construction since 1985.In 2014,national key disciplines reviewing were officially abolished in China.The disciplines evaluation are now conducted on the basis of voluntary participation of universities.The national key disciplines construction has a great influence on the construction of key disciplines of a local government.It directly drives local governments to implement systematic key disciplines construction,which improves the level of key discipline construction in local colleges and universities.Nowadays,there are three levels of key discipline construction--national key disciplines,provincial key disciplines and school key disciplines.On the one hand,the construction of key disciplines intensifies the imbalance of the local higher education system,and on the other hand it promotes

关 键 词：学科发展 重点学科建设 非均衡性 组织趋同 

分 类 号：G647[文化科学—高等教育学]