共情的时代变迁:一项横断历史元分析  

Increasing Empathy in Chinese College Student:A Cross-temporal Meta-analysis

作　　者：颜志强[1] 苏金龙[1] 苏彦捷[1] YAN Zhiqiang SU Jinlong SU Yanjie(School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学心理与认知科学学院和行为与心理健康北京市重点实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《心理技术与应用》2017年第10期578-585,共8页Psychology(Techniques and Applications)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31371040;31571134)资助

摘　　要：共情作为人际和谐的粘合剂深受研究者们的关注,探讨其影响因素的研究也非常多。然而,目前关注共情影响因素的研究大多聚焦于共情主体及共情对象等微观因素,少有研究试图探讨随年代变迁而发生改变的社会环境对共情的影响。为探讨上述问题,本研究采用了横断历史元分析的方法对2009-2015年间的18项使用人际反应指针量表(IRI-C)测量大学生共情水平的研究进行了总结。结果表明:(1)年代可以解释大学生共情水平19%的变异;(2)大学生共情水平均值在2009-2015年间的增加量为8.3(效应量d为0.94),这说明大学生的共情水平在2009-2015年间逐渐升高;(3)相关分析表明,共情水平与国家经济发展水平呈现显著的正相关(r=0.42,p<0.05),与18至25岁青少年刑事犯罪数呈现边缘显著的负相关(r=-0.42,p=0.057)。最后,本文对大学生共情水平逐年升高的原因,以及社会环境变化的影响进行了深入的讨论。As a social clue,empathy has attracted much attention of researchers,leading to a vast number of studies on its contributing factors.However,most of the existing literature is focused on micro-level factors relevant to the subjects and objects of empathy,with very few studies exploring the influence of environment that change over time on empathy.To address the issue,the present research conducted a cross-temporal meta-analysis,covering 18 studies published from 2009-2015 that measured Chinese college students＇ empathy with Interpersonal Reactivity Index,Chinese version （IRI-C）.Results showed that： （a） Time could explain 19% of the variance in college students＇ empathy; （b） Chinese college students＇ empathy level had been rising in the past 7 years,as the score increased by 8.3 from 2009 to 2015,yielding an effect size d of 0.94; （c） correlation analysis showed that college students＇ empathy was positively related to the level of national economic development （r = 0.42,p〈0.05）,and had a marginal negative association with the rate of juvenile crimes （r =-0.42,p = 0.057）.Finally,the current article discussed in depth the reason why college students＇ empathy increased over years,plus the influence of changing social environments.

关 键 词：共情 横断历史元分析 大学生 人际反应指针量表(IRI-C) 

分 类 号：B842.6[哲学宗教—基础心理学]