高效原油降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性分析  

Isolation,Identification and Characteristics of High Efficient Oil Degradation Bacteria

作　　者：赵姣 屈撑囤[2] 鱼涛 范代娣[1] 米钰[1] 马健波 

机构地区：[1]西北大学化工学院,陕西西安710069 [2]陕西省油气田环境污染控制与储层保护重点实验室(西安石油大学),陕西西安710065

出　　处：《油田化学》2017年第3期532-537,共6页Oilfield Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目"高结垢采出污水中假单胞菌属微生物表面矿化机理及对策研究"(项目编号21376189);陕西省教育厅专项科研计划资助项目"多糖改性颗粒对采出水结垢性质的影响"(项目编号14JS087)

摘　　要：为了明确地域微生物对原油的降解功效、确保延长油田微生物+膜处理含油污水工艺的平稳运行,从陕北吴起县石油污染的农田土壤中筛选出6株具有原油降解作用的菌株。通过形态学观察、生理生化实验、分子生物学鉴定(16Sr DNA)和气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)分析,研究了菌株的生长特性以及对原油的降解率。结果表明,筛选的6株菌分别为P1氧化微杆菌(Microbacterium oxydans)、P2中间苍白杆菌(Ochrobactrum intermedium)、P3粪产碱菌(Alcaligenesfaecalis)、P4侧孢短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus laterosporus)、P5寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas)和P6铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa),培养驯化7 d后对原油的降解率分别为83.47%、81.60%、85.30%、81.11%、90.58%和93.16%;菌株对原油中长碳链烃类的降解效果显著,可在降解过程中产生一定量的表面活性物质,发酵液基质表面张力的最大降幅为53.19%。In order to study the efficiency of regional microorganisms on the degradation of crude oil, and ensure the oilfield microorganism and membrane system running smoothly of oily sewage treatment in Yanchang oilfield, six oil degradation bacteria were isolated from oil-contaminated farmland in Wuqi county of Shaanxi province. The growth and degradation characteristic of the six strains were studied through morphological observation, physiology biochemistry experiment, molecular biological techniques （16SrDNA） and GC-MS. The results showed that six oil degradating bacteria included P1 （Microbacterium oxydans） , P2 （Ochrobaetrurn interrnedium） , P3 （Alcaligenesfaecalis） , P4 （Brevibacillus laterosporus） , P5 （Stenotrophomonas） and P6 （Pseudomonas aeruginosa）. After cultivating and domesticating about seven days, the degradation rate of P1 - P6 to crude oil was 83.47%, 81.60%, 85.30%, 81.11%, 90.58% and 93.16%, respectively. GC-MS analysis results showed that the degradation effect of strains on long carbon chain hydrocarbon was remarkable. At the same time, they all produced a certain amount of surface active substances in the process of degradation, and the maximum decline of surface tension of fermented liquid substrate was 53.19%.

关 键 词：石油降解菌 假单胞菌 油污染土壤 表面活性剂 降解率 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] TE992.2[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]