沙地云杉(Picea mongolica)农田防护林带不同配置模式的防风效果  

Windbreak Effect of Picea mongolica Farmland Shelterbelt with Different Configuration

作　　者：张莹花[1] 康才周[1] 刘世增[1] 唐进年[1] 魏林源[1] 李金辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省治沙研究所甘肃省荒漠化与风沙灾害防治省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2017年第5期859-866,共8页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家公益性行业(林业)科研专项(201104036);甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(1204FKCA125);国家自然科学基金项目(31460224;31460221)

摘　　要：沙地云杉(Picea mongolica)为常绿针叶乔木,可作为荒漠区防护林体系建设的优良植物材料,其株高和植株构型明显区别于杨树等传统的防护林树种。因此,本文通过风洞模拟实验,在8、10、15m·s-1的风速条件下,研究了沙地云杉农田防护林单林带前后的风速流场特性和防风效能。单林带采用3种配置模式,即两行等株行距(Ⅰ型)、两行"品"字型(Ⅱ型)和四行簇状"品"字型(Ⅲ型),基于垂直风速流场对3种模式进行了比较。结果表明:(1)3种配置模式沙地云杉防护林带前后垂直高度上的风速流场分布特征有很大区别,相同配置模式的流场分布特征相似,随着风速的增大,风速流场的等值线变得更加密集。(2)3种配置模式防护林带前后垂直高度的风速加速率依次为Ⅰ型>Ⅱ型>Ⅲ型。(3)林带后20 H范围内1~20cm高度上防风效能依次为Ⅲ型(47.2%)>Ⅱ型(37.3%)>Ⅰ型(16.2%)。研究结果可为沙地云杉防护林配置理论研究奠定基础,为沙地云杉在农田防护林建设中的实际应用提供依据。Picea mongolica is an evergreen coniferous tree which can be used for construction of shelterbelt system in arid area.However,its height and plant configuration are not same as traditional windbreak trees,such as Populus.In this paper,we analyzed the windbreak effect of Picea mongolica shelterbelt with different configuration using vertical wind velocity flow field in the conditions of 8 m·s-1,10 m·s-1 and15 m·s-1 in the wind tunnel.Comparison was made among the 3 configuration modes：two rows with same spacing（typeⅠ）,two rows with triangle patterns（typeⅡ）and cluster type with triangle patterns（typeⅢ）.The conclusions are：（1）The vertical wind velocity flow fields under different configuration before and behind the shelterbelt are different,whereas the vertical wind velocity flow fields under the same configuration are similar.The contoured velocity of flow field becomes intensive with increasing wind velocity.（2）The acceleration rate of wind velocity is typeⅠtypeⅡtypeⅢ.（3）The windbreak effect at the height of 1-20 cm in 20 H behind the shelterbelt is typeⅢ（47.2%）typeⅡ（37.3%）typeⅠ（16.2%）.The result will lay foundation for the theoretical study of Picea mongolica shelterbelt configuration,and offer reference for the construction of Picea mongolica shelterbelt system.

关 键 词：沙地云杉(Picea mongolica) 农田防护林 风洞模拟实验 流场 防风效能 

分 类 号：X169[环境科学与工程—环境科学]