单音节典型指示代词的句法功能研究  

Syntactic Functions of Typical Demonstrative Pronouns of Single Syllables

作　　者：田宇贺[1] 

机构地区：[1]南通大学文学院,江苏南通226019

出　　处：《南通大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第5期104-109,共6页Journal of Nantong University:Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：现代汉语语法的经典著作《现代汉语语法讲话》、《语法讲义》对单音节典型指示代词句法分布的论述缺乏大规模语料支撑。基于大规模真实语料对单音节典型指示代词"这"、"那"的使用频率、句法分布进行考察,对前人的观点做了修正,并依据原型范畴理论对句法分布的不对称性做出了解释。现代汉语书面语语料中,"这"、"那"在句法上不存在重叠的可能,"这个"、"那个"的重叠在句法上也不适用于"这"、"那"。"这"、"那"在功能上由替代到指别,再进一步虚化为各种语气乃至虚词的语法化历程,符合原型范畴理论。在原型范畴理论视域中对单音节典型指示代词的句法功能进行研究对系统认识现代汉语指示代词的特质和提升对外汉语教学均具有较高价值。Descriptions and discussions about the syntactic distributions of typical demonstrative pronouns of single syllables have not been supported by large corpus, even in classic grammatical works like Modern Chinese Grammar and Grammar Notes. This paper analyzes the frequencies and syntactic distributions of ＂zhe＂ and ＂na＂ based on large corpora,rectifies academic views of previous scholars, and explains the syntactic nonsymmetry according to prototype theory. In written corpus of modern Chinese, there is no possibility for the overlapping of ＂zhe＂ and ＂na＂ in syntax, and the overlapping of ＂zhe ge＂ and ＂na ge＂ is not applicable to ＂zhe＂ and ＂na＂. The transition of ＂zhe＂ and ＂na＂ from substitute function to demonstrative function and function words accords with prototype theory. It is of great significance to recognize the syntactic functions of typical demonstrative pronouns of single syllables in the framework of prototype theory.

关 键 词：原型范畴理论 单音节典型指示代词 句法功能 语法化 

分 类 号：H146.2[语言文字—汉语]