2015年夏季长江口及其邻近海域渔业生物群落结构分析  

Biological community of fishery resources in the Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent sea areas in the summer of 2015

作　　者：汤昌盛 张芳[1,3] 冯颂 戴芳群[4] 王彦涛 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室,青岛260071 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室,海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,青岛266071 [4]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产科学研究所,渔业资源与生态系统研究室,青岛266071

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2017年第5期490-499,共10页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：国家基金委-山东省联合基金项目(U1406403);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA11020305);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41230963)

摘　　要：根据2015年6月(夏季)长江口及其邻近海域的底拖网调查数据,分析了该海域渔业生物种类组成、优势种、群落结构及其多样性特征。结果表明,调查共捕获渔业生物93种,其中底层鱼类56种、中上层鱼类7种、头足类10种和甲壳类20种,以底层鱼类和甲壳类为主。优势种包括小黄鱼(Larimichthy-spolyactis)、鳀(Engraulis japonicus)和带鱼(Trichiurus haumela)。鱼山渔场及舟山渔场近岸区和长江口渔场离岸区群落多样性较高,舟山渔场离岸区和大沙渔场南部多样性较低。渔业生物群落可分为3组:20 m等深线附近的近岸区、20~50 m水深的长江口渔场外部和大沙渔场南部、以及50~75 m水深的舟山渔场和鱼山渔场中外部。渔业生物群落结构不同组间差异主要由小黄鱼、鳀、带鱼和刺鲳(Psenopsis anomala)引起。Community structure analysis is one of the research focus topics in the Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent sea areas. The survey data in June can well valuate the fishery resources in the early stage of fishing moratorium,which is significant to assess the implementation effect from the summer moratorium for marine fishing. So the species composition,dominant species,community diversity characteristics and community structure of fishery species in the Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent sea areas were analyzed based on the data collected from the bottom trawl surveys in June,2015. The results showed that there were 93 fishery species,which were mainly demersal fish and crustaceans. The average catch weight was relatively high,with fish species occupying the largest proportion. These were dominant species： yellow croaker（Larimichthys polyactis）,anchovy（Engraulis japonicus） and largehead hairtail（Trichiurus lepturus）,indicating that the dominant species replacement had occurred compared with history data in the same period. The relatively high diversity of the community was found in the nearshore zone of Zhoushan and Yushan fishing ground,as well as the offshore zone of the Yangtze River Estuary fishing ground. While relatively low diversity of the community was found in the offshore zone of Zhoushan fishing ground and the southern part of Dasha fishing ground. The fishery biological communities could be divided into groups by the cluster analysis and the single factor similarity analysis： nearshore zone around the 20 m depth contour,offshore zone of the Yangtze River Estuary fishing ground and the southern part of Dasha fishing ground between 20 m and 50 m depth contour and the central and marginal parts of Zhoushan fishing ground and Yushan fishing ground between 50 m and 75 m depth contour. Similarity percentage analysis showed that the discriminating species among different groups were yellow croaker,anchovy,largehead hairtail and Japanese butterfish（Psenopsis anomala）. Seasonal migration of

关 键 词：长江口海域 夏季 渔业生物 群落结构 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]