基于图论的三维可视性分析及其应用  

Three-dimensional Visibility Graph Analysis and Its Application

作　　者：陆毅 徐蜀辰 

机构地区：[1]香港城市大学建筑及土木工程学系 [2]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院

出　　处：《时代建筑》2017年第5期44-49,共6页Time + Architecture

摘　　要：基于图论的可视性分析是从空间句法和社会网络分析理论发展而来的。它基于空间中各个位置之间的相互可视关系的计算。这一分析方法可帮助设计师和研究人员解码空间认知与行为,但过去只限于二维平面。在本研究中,作者提出了一种新的可用于三维建成环境的可视性分析,如多层中庭建筑或有雨篷、立交桥遮盖的城市环境。此外,研究提出了通用可视性分析与目标可视性分析之间的区别。在前者中,一个位置同时被视为视线的起点和目标点。而在后者中,作者进一步区分了空间系统中可视但无法到达的空间或特定目标点。通过这种区分,可视性分析系统将更适用于三维建筑空间和城市设计中的应用,而通用可视性分析方法则保留原先二维可视性图论方法的本意。文章运用四个具体案例说明了可视性分析在复杂三维建筑和城市环境中的应用。Graph-based visibility analysis, developed from space syntax and social network theory, embraces mutual visibility between locations in a spatial system. It helps designers and researchers to decode spatial cognition and behavior, but methodological constraints limit its application to two-dimensional （2D） floor plans. In this study, the author proposes a new visibility graph analysis that can be used in three-dimensional （3D） built environments, such as multilevel atrium buildings or urban environments with canopies or overpass bridges. Furthermore, we draw a distinction between a generic visibility graph and a targeted visibility graph, in the former, an occupiable location is considered as both the origin and target of visibility lines. In the latter, the authorfurther takes into account the visible space or speci^c targets in a system. Visible locations are spaces people can see but cannot necessarily physically occupy. With this differentiation, the visibility graph system is more amenable to new applications in 3D architectural and urban design while retaining a mapping back to the original 2D visibility graph method through the generic visibility graph. Four examples illustrate the application of the proposed visibility graph analysis in complex 3D building and urban environments.

关 键 词：可视性分析 三维空间 空间句法 多层建筑物 城市空间分析 

分 类 号：O157.5[理学—数学] TU-023[理学—基础数学]