全国七地区14城市毒品问题评估报告  

INVESTIGATION OF THE SITUATION OF DRUG ABUSE AND EVALUATION OF THE SCALE OF DRUG USERS IN 14 CITIES IN CHINA

作　　者：刘志民[1] 贾振军[1,2] 贾忠伟[1] 鲍彦平[1] 王子云[1,3] 李炜修[1,4] 穆悦[1] 连智[1] LIU Zhimin JIA Zhenjun JIA Zhongwei BAO Yanping WANG Ziyun LI Weixiu MU Yue LIAN Zhi(Nationallnstitute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国药物依赖性研究所,北京100191 [2]中国人民公安大学 [3]贵州医学院 [4]山东省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国药物依赖性杂志》2017年第4期309-318,324,共11页Chinese Journal of Drug Dependence

基　　金：十二五国家科技支撑计划课题支持项目(2012BAI01B07)

摘　　要：目的:为了解我国毒品滥用现状,受国家禁毒委员会办公室的委托,北京大学中国药物依赖性研究所应用Delphi方法,于2013年3、4季度组织在禁吸戒毒一线工作的专家和毒品滥用的知情人对东北、华北、西北、华东、华中、华南和西南七大行政区的14个城市进行了以海洛因为代表的阿片类毒品和以冰毒、摇头丸、"K粉"(氯胺酮)为代表的合成毒品药物滥用现状与吸毒人群规模的调查评估。此次调查评估采取现场问卷调查方式,分专家组和知情人组(即吸毒人员组)两种形式进行三轮调查。结果:对14个城市专家调查结果显示,以海洛因为代表的阿片类毒品滥用呈不同程度遏制态势,除部分城市外,近年新发生的阿片类毒品滥用人数在所调查的多数地区"无明显增加"或"有所下降",评估14个城市滥用阿片类毒品人数与登记在册人数的倍数集中于1.4倍与2.8倍之间,中位数为2.0倍。对14个城市专家调查结果显示,以"冰毒"、"摇头丸"和"K粉"为代表的合成毒品滥用呈快速流行蔓延之势,近年来合成毒品滥用问题在所有调查城市均为"严重"或"非常严重",新发生合成毒品滥用人数"迅速增加"或"缓慢增加",评估14个城市滥用合成毒品人数与登记在册人数的倍数集中于2.3倍与6.5倍之间,中位数为4.1倍。结论:(1)14个城市近年新发生阿片类毒品吸毒人员"无明显增加"或"有所下降",阿片类毒品滥用在所调查地区呈不同程度遏制,评估阿片类毒品吸毒人数与登记在册人数的倍数关系为2.0倍(专家评估)。(2)14个城市近年新发生合成毒品滥用人数"迅速增加"或"缓慢增加",合成毒品滥用在所调查地区呈快速流行之势,评估合成毒品吸毒人数与登记在册人数的倍数关系为4.1倍(专家评估)。合成毒品滥用流行处于加速蔓延期。Objective： To investigate the current situation of drug abuse nationwide in China.Methods： Delphi method was employed in our study and the investigation panel included：（ 1） experts（ governors,doctors and social workers,etc.） working on prevention,treatment and control of drug abuse,and（ 2） drug users in treatment in the detoxification centers in 14 cities（ including Shenyang,Tangshan,Xi＇an,Wenzhou,Changsha,Guangzhou,Chengdu,etc.） covering all 7 administrative regions of China.Results：（ 1） Most experts agreed that opiates use seemed to have been restrained in these years and the number of new opiates users was ＂not increasing＂or even ＂decreasing＂in those 14 cities; the ratio of the actual opiates users to those registered by office of NNCC was estimated to be 2. 0（ 1. 4-2. 8） by experts.（ 2） It was believed by most experts that use of synthetic drugs（ e. g. methamphetamine,ecstasy and ketamine） was spreading rapidly. The situation of use of synthetic drugs in those 14 cities was serious andthe number of new synthetic drugs users was increasing dramatically. The ratio of the actual synthetic drugs users to those registered by office of NNCC was assessed to be 4. 1（ 2. 3-6. 5） by experts.Conclusion： opiates use seems to have been restrained to some degree in these years while new opiate users seem to be not increasing rapidly. However,use of synthetic drugs was increasingly prevalent and new synthetic drugs users seemed to be augmenting. In those 14 cities,the real number of users of opiates and synthetic drugs seemed to be 2. 0 and 4. 1 times as large as those in registered by expert evaluation.

关 键 词：Delphi技术 药物滥用 阿片类药物 合成药物 调查与评估 

分 类 号：R749[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]