多年冻土调查和监测为青藏高原地球科学研究、环境保护和工程建设提供科学支撑  

Support Geoscience Research, Environmental Management, and Engineering Construction with Investigation and Monitoring on Permafrost in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

作　　者：赵林[1] 吴通华[1] 谢昌卫 李韧[1] 吴晓东[1] 姚济敏[1] 岳广阳[1] 肖瑶[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境与资源研究院青藏高原冰冻圈观测研究站,格尔木816000

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2017年第10期1159-1168,共10页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：国家重大科学研究计划项目(2013CBA 01803)

摘　　要：随着我国西部大开发战略的实施和气候变暖对青藏高原影响的日益显著,多年冻土变化对生态、水文、气候和工程建设的影响日渐突出,多年冻土的长期定位监测和大范围野外调查已经成为冰冻圈、生态、水文、气候和寒区工程建设等方面深化研究和解决重大科学和工程问题的重大需求。中科院青藏高原冰冻圈观测研究站(简称"高原冰冻圈站")自建站以来对青藏高原多年冻土进行了长期连续的监测和大范围的野外调查,开展了多年冻土水热状况的变化机理、模型模拟和生态效应综合研究。特别是近年来在科技部、国家自然科学基金委和中科院等重大项目支持下,高原冰冻圈站积极开展国内外科研合作,规范了多年冻土野外考察和定位监测的方法,建成了在国际上处于领先地位的多年冻土综合监测网络;系统地开展了高原多年冻土分布、温度、厚度和地下冰空间分异规律的定量研究,基于多源数据和多模式比对,发布了空间分辨率为1 km的高原多年冻土温度、厚度和地下冰的空间格网数据。基于长期监测数据,构建和改进了适合于青藏高原多年冻土的一维热传导模式和陆面过程模式,定量评价了过去30年来高原尺度多年冻土的变化及物理机制。这些科研成果不仅为青藏铁路建设、三江源国家公园生态保护、区域气候模拟等问题的解决提供了强有力的基础数据支撑,同时也面向国家需求和国家重大项目研究,推动决策咨询服务。有关青藏高原多年冻土区植被、生态和土壤有机碳氮空间分布的研究成果,填补了该领域的国际空白,为未来地球国际科学研究计划和地球系统模式发展提供了最为基础的本底数据支撑。Due to the climate warming and the implementation of China＇s western development strategy, the variation in permafrost has increasingly and significantly influenced the ecology, hydrology, climate, and engineering construction on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau （QTP） during the past decades. Long-term in-situ monitoring and large-scale field investigation on permafrost have become a major demand for addressing key scientific and engineering issues in the cryosphere, ecology, hydrology, climate, and engineering construction in cold regions. Since the Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau of Chinese Academy of Sciences was established in 1987, we have conducted long-term continuous monitoring and large-scale field investigations on permafrost of the QTP, and thus synthetically studied the mechanisms of the change in hydrothermal conditions of permafrost and their simulations and ecological effects. Under the support of major programs funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Chinese Academy of Sciences, we carried out many international cooperations actively and standardized the approaches of in-situ monitoring and field investigation on permafrost, and thus established the monitoring network of permafrost which is in the leading position around the world. We also quantitatively studied the spatial distribution, ground temperatures, thickness, and groundice of permafrost on the QTP. By comparing the multi-source dataset and multi-models, we released the spatial grid dataset of ground temperatures, thickness, and ground ice of permafrost on the QTP with a spatial resolution of 1 km~ 1 km. Furthermore, based on the long-term monitoring dataset, we developed and improved the one-dimensional model of heat conduction and land-surface-process model for applying to the Tibetan permafrost, and thereby quantitatively estimated the variation of permafrost and its physical mechanisms on the QTP during the last three decades. Those results not only p

关 键 词：青藏高原 多年冻土 调查 监测 地下冰 碳循环 

分 类 号：P642.14[天文地球—工程地质学]