垤施村寨则比乐队七重奏的旋律织体  

Melody Texture of Ze Bi Band's Septet in Di Shi Village

作　　者：吕钰秀 Lv Yuxiu

机构地区：[1]台湾师范大学民族音乐研究所 [2]中央音乐学院音乐学系

出　　处：《艺术探索》2017年第5期86-91,共6页Arts Exploration

基　　金：中央音乐学院科研资助计划"垤施乐队的乐器与器乐"(15YB02)

摘　　要：云南东南边哀劳山深山里,有一个以彝族尼苏人为主的小村寨垤施,存在一种古老的,由四弦、三弦、二胡、笛子、巴乌、草杆、树叶七件乐器组成的乐队。他们为村落娱乐聚会时的歌唱与舞蹈伴奏,并于1954开始,陆续走出山寨,于中国各大城市进行演出。其中一种歌舞形式,尼苏人称为则比,汉族人则称其为乐作舞,亦是用此乐队伴奏。今天的则比由13段音乐组成,但其原本仅有11个段落。这11个段落中,除了最后一首"色调"在今日表演中没有舞蹈,其他各有其舞蹈动作。拥有舞蹈的10个段落之器乐伴奏部分,虽然每一种乐器在其各自的10个段落中拥有着一些相同的旋律,但同一个段落中,七种乐器却演奏着不同的旋律。对于器乐伴奏部分的解构可发现,旋律的构成在于即兴与固定音型构成的两个部分的一再反复,而此固定音型还会在一些段落中稍作变化。至于固定音型的变化率,则与乐器传入的时间以及其演奏的技巧相关联。There is a small village called Di Shi in the southeastern part of Yunnan province, where is consisting mainly of the Nisu people of the Yi nationality. There is an ancient band, which plays seven musical instruments, includes four strings, three chords, Erhu, flute, Baru, straw and leaves. They are singing and dancing for the village entertainment party, and they began to go out of village since 1954 one after another to perform in major cities in China. One of the song and dance forms, which were called Zebi by the Nisu people and musical dance called by the Han people, accompanied playing by this band. Composition ofZe Bi for now is made up of 13 pieces of music, but it has only 11 paragraphs. The 11 paragraphs, ex- cept the last one ＂hue＂ without dance, the other has its own dance movement. There are 10 pieces of dance in the instru- mental accompaniment part, although each instrument in their respective 10 paragraphs has the same melody for some parts, but in the same paragraph, different melody is being played by seven instruments. To deconstruct the instrumental accompaniment section reveals that the composition of the melody is repeated by the two parts which are improvisation and the fixed tone type, and that the fixed tone type will also be slightly changed in some paragraphs. The rate of change of the fixed tone is associated with the time the instrument is passed and the skill of its playing.

关 键 词：则比 乐作舞 多声部 固定音型 即兴音型 协作参与 

分 类 号：J632[艺术—音乐]