基于GIS技术的农村非点源污染分析——以渠县境内巴河州河汇流断面上游区域为例  

Analysis of rural non-point source pollution based on GIS technology:case of Bahe River and Zhouhe River in Quxian Country

作　　者：李萌 黎小东[1,2] 敖天其[1,2] 郭会[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,四川成都610065 [2]四川大学水利水电学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《人民长江》2017年第20期21-27,共7页Yangtze River

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目"四川省中小流域农村面源污染综合防治技术研究与示范项目(2015SZ0212)"

摘　　要：为了有效地分析巴河州河汇合口(渠县境内)以上流域非点源污染问题,应用GIS技术进行水文分析(水系提取、流域划分)以及污染源的空间分异分析。基于评估区的水环境污染现状,选取城镇居民生活污水、农村居民生活污水、城镇地表径流、集中式畜禽养殖、化肥污染五大污染源,采用源强系数法和输出系数法进行COD、TN、TP 3种污染物的流失量计算,并分析其污染负荷,。结果表明:(1)评估区的91.93%的负荷来源于为农村居民生活污水、化肥污染、和城镇居民生活污水,最主要的污染源为农村居民生活污水。(2)评估区重点治理乡镇为三汇镇。研究成果较为清晰地分析出研究区非点源污染的分布情况,指出了需要重点治理的地域和污染源。To effectively analyze the non-point pollution problem in the upper basin（ in the region of Quxian County） of the confluence area of the Bahe River and the Zhouhe River,GIS technology was used to extract the watersheds and drainage system of the study area and analyze the pollution source spatial variation. In the light of the five main pollution sources（ urban domestic sewage,rural domestic sewage,urban surface runoff,scaled livestock and poultry rearing,fertilizer pollution）,source intensity coefficient method and output coefficient model were employed to calculate the loss amounts of COD,TN and TP,and analyze the pollution load. The results showed that rural domestic sewage was the main pollution sources,rural domestic sewage,urban domestic sewage and fertilizer pollution account for 91. 93% of the total pollution load; Sanhui was the most polluted town. The study clearly gives the distributing condition of non-point pollution in the area and the main areas to control the pollution and main pollution sources.

关 键 词：GIS技术 农村非点源污染 等标污染负荷 源强系数法 输出系数法 巴河 州河 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]