黑颈长尾雉春夏夜栖地特征与差异性分析  

Roost Habitat Characteristics and Differences of Mrs Hume's Pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae) in Spring and Summer Night

作　　者：原宝东[1,2] 闫永峰 程志营[3] 鲁长虎 

机构地区：[1]商丘师范学院生命科学学院,商丘476000 [2]南京林业大学生物与环境学院,南京210037 [3]广西金钟山黑颈长尾雉国家级自然保护区管理局,隆林533400

出　　处：《林业科学》2017年第9期143-150,共8页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31670432);河南省科技攻关计划项目(172102310443);河南省动物营养代谢与遗传改良创新型科技团队项目(C20130058);商丘师范学院高层次人才科研启动项目(50014001)

摘　　要：【目的】分析黑颈长尾雉春夏夜栖地特征与差异,为其保护和管理提供合理的依据和建议。【方法】2012年春季和夏季,通过直接观察法测量12个黑颈长尾雉夜栖地,利用无线电遥测跟踪黑颈长尾雉(6♂,2♀)测量34个夜栖地,其中春季20个,夏季26个。【结果】对春季和夏季的夜栖树进行卡方检验表明,春季和夏季的栖树选择差异不显著(χ~2=0.34,P=0.51),黑颈长尾雉主要以油桐为夜栖树,其次为西南木荷、杉木和云南松。栖树选择与样地内乔木的数量和种类相关性很低(r=0.401,P=0.028)。利用独立样本T检验和Mann-Whitney U检验黑颈长尾雉春季和夏季夜栖地数据的差异性,除了灌木盖度、栖树胸径、栖枝上方盖度和栖枝高度存在差异性(P<0.05),其余生态变量差异不显著(P>0.05)。利用主成分分析法,比较影响黑颈长尾雉春季和夏季夜栖地选择的主要因子,夏季为栖枝因素、地理性因素和干扰因素;春季为栖枝因素和安全性因素。【结论】黑颈长尾雉春夏季节夜栖地的特征有差别,夜栖树微环境的安全性和舒适性影响夜栖地的利用。[ Objective ] Our objective is to analyze characteristics and differences of roost habitat of Mrs Hume ＂s Pheasant in Spring and Summer. [ Method] In a field survey from February to August 2012, 46 night roost sites were detected, and the divergence of roost trees was not statistically significant different between spring and summer （X^2 = 0. 34, P =0.51 ）, and Tungoil tree （Verniciafordli） was the first choice of Mrs Hume＇s pheasant in night; Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the Correlation coefficient of roost tree number and arbor number in plots, the result indicated that there was a low correlation （r =0. 401, P =0.028） between them, in other words, that Mrs Hume~ Pheasant selected trees to roost was a trade-off from its survival ambience. [ Result] The roosting variations of Mrs Hume＂ s Pheasant in spring and summer was analyzed by Independence sample T tested or Mann-Whitney U tested, the result indicated： there were significant （P 〈 O. 05） differences in Shrub coverage, Diameter at breast, Upper cover of roost branch, Height of roost branch. Principal Component Analysis （PCA） was used to discriminate which variables to determine the roost sites selection in different seasons. Our result showed that the perch factors, geographic and interference factors played an important role in roost selection in summer; the perch and safety factors played a significant role in roost choice in spring. [ Conclusion] The results support the view point that roost habitats may prevent a negative energy budget and reduce predation risk, demonstrating that the factors influencing the selection of a roost site are compound and different in alternate season.

关 键 词：黑颈长尾雉 夜栖地 金钟山 季节 

分 类 号：S718.63[农业科学—林学]