1985—2014年太原市中小学生体质健康状况分析  

Analysis of physical health condition of primary and middle school students in Taiyuan City from 1985 to 2014

作　　者：朱文华[1] 

机构地区：[1]太原市中小学学生卫生保健所,山西太原030009

出　　处：《中国校医》2017年第10期727-731,共5页Chinese Journal of School Doctor

摘　　要：目的描述1985—2014年太原市汉族学生身体形态、生理功能和身体素质的变化特点,为太原市学生生长发育提供科学依据。方法利用1985年、1995年、2005年、2014年全国学生体质健康调研数据中太原市资料,对7~18岁汉族学生体质健康状况进行比较分析。结果力量素质、柔韧性均提高。女生除柔韧性优于男生,其余项目男生均优于女生。1985—2014年太原市学生形态指标有不同程度的增长。男、女身高增长分别为8.9、6.5 cm,体质量增长分别为12.0、8.7 kg,胸围增长分别为5.8、6.7 cm。男生肺活量略有上升,平均上升72.7 m L,女生肺活量明显下降,平均下降159.6 m L,速度素质男生总体下降、女生各组均下降,耐力素质明显下降,但上述下降指标趋势得到了初步遏止,2005—2014年均提高且优于1995—2005年。结论 7~18岁太原市学生女生生理功能及男女生的耐力素质和速度素质指标明显下降。应针对学生生理功能和部分身体素质指标下降的特点,采取干预措施,增强学生体质。Objective To describe the changes of body shape, physiological function and physical quality of Han students in Taiyuan City from 1985 to 2014, so as to provide the evidence for improving the students’ growth and development. Methods The physical health status of 7-18 year old Han students was analyzed by using the data of Taiyuan City in 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2014. Results The strength quality and flexibility were improved. The flexibility of girls was superior to that of boys, but the rest of the boys were superior to those of girls. From 1985 to 2014, the students’ morphological indicators had different degrees of growth. The height growths of the male and female were 8.9 and 6.5 cm, the weight growths were 12.0 and 8.7 kg, and chest growth were 5.8 and 6.7 cm respectively. The vital capacity of the boys slightly increased（average 72.7 m L）, but the vital capacity of the girls significantly deceased（average 159.6 m L）. The quality of speed decreased in the boys in the total, and the quality of speed decreased in the girls in all the different age groups. The quality of endurance decreased significantly, but the trend of the decline indexes was initially stopped, and these indexes during the2005-2014 period improved and superior to those during the 1995-2005 period. Conclusion The indexes of physical function of the girls, and the endurance quality and speed quality of the boys and girls significantly decrease in Taiyuan City from 1985 to 2014. Therefore, the effective interventions should be strengthened according to the physical characteristics of the students.

关 键 词：儿童 青少年 学生 身高 体质量 肺活量 身体素质 身体耐力 

分 类 号：G478[文化科学—教育学]