防除马铃薯田阔叶杂草除草剂的筛选及对马铃薯安全性  

Screening Herbicides for Control of Broadleaf Weeds in Potato Field and Evaluating Safety for Potato

作　　者：牛树君[1] 李玉奇[1] 张新瑞[1] 余海涛[1] 胡冠芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《中国马铃薯》2017年第5期278-282,共5页Chinese Potato Journal

基　　金：甘肃省农业科学院农业科技创新专项(2012GAAS15-18)

摘　　要：为了筛选出对马铃薯田阔叶杂草防效较高的药剂,选择7种目前常用的除草剂进行大田试验。试验结果表明,播后苗前土壤处理除草剂50%乙草胺EC、33%二甲戊灵EC、50%利谷隆WP和33%二甲戊灵EC+50%乙草胺EC,在3.75 L/hm2、4.5 L/hm2、4.5 kg/hm2和2.25 L/hm2+1.875 L/hm2剂量下,对马铃薯安全,且对阔叶杂草具有一定的防除效果,其中50%利谷隆WP具有显著防效,药后60 d对阔叶杂草的株防效和鲜重防效分别达到96.70%和98.34%;苗期茎叶处理除草剂56%2甲4氯钠盐WP、70%嗪草酮WP以及二者的配比混剂组合70%嗪草酮WP+56%2甲4氯钠盐WP,在1.8 kg/hm2、1.2 kg/hm2、0.45 kg/hm2+1.35 kg/hm2、1.05 kg/hm2+0.75 kg/hm2剂量下,对马铃薯安全,且对阔叶杂草具有较高防效,药后45 d株防效在71.21%~100.00%,鲜重防效在81.52%~100.00%。Field trails were carried out with 7 currently commonly used herbicides in order to screen herbicides with high control efficiency on broadleaf weeds in potato fields. The results showed that when used as soil treatment herbicides, 50%acetochlor EC, 33% pendimethalin EC, 50% linuron WP and the mixture of 33% pendimethalin EC and 50% acetochlor EC were safe to potato and had a good control to broadleaf weeds 60 days after treatment at the dosages of 3.75 L/ha, 4.5 L/ha,4.5 kg/ha and 2.25 L/ha ＋ 1.875 L/ha. Control efficiency of 50% linuron WP was significant for broadleaf weeds, and the plant and fresh weight control efficiency to broadleaf weeds reached up to 96.70% and 98.34%. The results also indicated that when used as stem-and leaf-treated herbicides, 56% MCPA-Na WP, 70% metribuzin WP and the mixture of 70%metribuzin WP ＋ 56% MCPA-Na WP were safe to potato and had a good control efficiency to broadleaf weeds 45 days after treatment at the dosages of 1.8 kg/ha, 1.2 kg/ha, and 0.45 kg/ha ＋ 1.35 kg/ha or 1.05 kg/ha ＋ 0.75 kg/ha with the plant control efficiency being between 71.21% and 100.00%, and the fresh control efficiency being between 81.52% and 100.00%.

关 键 词：马铃薯 阔叶杂草 除草剂 安全性 防效 

分 类 号：S451.223[农业科学—植物保护]