川藏铁路沿线及邻区环境工程地质问题概论  

Discussion on the Environmental and Engineering Geological Problems Along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway and Its Adjacent Area

作　　者：郭长宝[1,2] 张永双[1,2] 蒋良文[3] 石菊松[4] 孟文[1,2] 杜宇本[3] 马春田 

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,北京100081 [2]国土资源部新构造运动与地质灾害重点实验室,北京100081 [3]中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司,四川成都610031 [4]中国地质调查局,北京100037

出　　处：《现代地质》2017年第5期877-889,共13页Geoscience

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目(12120113038000;DD20160271);国家自然科学基金项目(41402321);科技部科技基础性工作专项(2011FY110100-2);中铁二院科研计划项目(二院科字201303)

摘　　要：川藏铁路是我国正在规划建设的重要铁路干线之一,是西部大通道的重要组成部分。该铁路线横跨扬子板块、川滇地块、羌塘地块和拉萨地块等大地构造单元,在复杂的地质构造背景条件下,川藏铁路沿线活动断裂、地震和地质灾害极为发育,严重制约着川藏铁路的规划建设。在野外地质调查、钻探、地应力测量和室内测试分析的基础上,对川藏铁路规划建设中可能遇到的活动断裂、高地应力、高地温、岩爆和地质灾害等主要环境工程地质问题进行了论述分析,认为:川藏铁路沿线及邻区发育有54条区域活动断裂,其中对铁路有直接重要影响的全新世活动断裂有17条;研究区内地震活动频繁,约有50%的规划线路位于地震动峰值加速度>0.2 g地区,部分地段>0.4 g,潜在地震风险大;铁路沿线主要的地质灾害类型为崩塌、滑坡和泥石流,地质灾害受活动断裂影响强烈,部分地段发育有高速远程滑坡;川藏铁路沿线构造应力场和地热场复杂,深埋隧道工程建设时容易发生岩爆、软岩大变形和高温热害等工程地质问题。The Sichuan-Tibet Railway is one of the most important main railway lines under planned and construction of China,and it is an important part of China western transportation system.However,because the railway passes through several big tectonic units,e.g.the Yangtze plate,Sichuan-Yunnan plate,Qiangtang plate and Lhasa plate,under these complex geological conditions,there are some complex geological problems along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway,such as active faults,earthquakes and other geohazards,and thus the planning and construction of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway are restricted.Based on the field geological investigation,geological drilling,analysis of in-situ stress measurements and laboratory testing,the paper analyzes the main environmental and engineering geological problems along the railway,e.g.active faults,high crustal stress,high geothermal activities,rock burst and geodisasters that might occur in the process of railway construction.And the authors deem that there are 54 regional active faults along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway and its adjacentarea,and 17 of them are active faults and have directly important effect on the railway construction; the earthquake is frequent in the study area,and 50% of the planning route is located in the area of seismic peak ground acceleration more than 0.2 g,part of the region more than 0.4 g,so the potential seismic risk is likely to happen; the main geohazards are collapse,landslide and debris flow along the railway,most of them are controlled and affected by active faults,and the long run-out landslides are also developed in this area; the tectonic stress and geothermal field are complicated along the railway,and some serious engineering problems are in high risk in the railway construction,such as rock burst,soft rock＇s big deformation,and high geothermal calamity.

关 键 词：川藏铁路 活动断裂 工程地质问题 地质灾害 地质选线 

分 类 号：P642.2[天文地球—工程地质学] P694[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]