南亚热带尾巨桉中龄林水量平衡特征研究  

Water Balance Characteristics of Eucalyptus urophylla×E. grandis Middle Aged Plantation in Mid-subtropical Zone

作　　者：任世奇[1,2,3] 项东云 肖文发[1] 陈健波 郭东强[2,3] 唐庆兰[2,3] 姜英 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京100091 [2]广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院,广西南宁530002 [3]广西南宁桉树林生态系统定位观测研究站,广西南宁530002

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2017年第10期1728-1735,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：广西林业科技项目(桂林科研[2015]第43号);广西壮族自治区科技重大专项(桂科重1347001);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0600504)

摘　　要：水量平衡是森林生态系统的重要研究内容,但桉树人工林水量平衡研究的数据积累不足。以广西南宁桉树林生态系统定位观测研究站为平台,于2013年7月—2016年5月利用自动气象观测系统、集水区测流堰的定位观测数据,应用水量平衡方程计算各分量并分析其时间序列动态,以了解南亚热带尾巨桉(Eucalyptus urophylla×E. grandis)人工林生态系统的水量平衡特征,为桉树人工林培育的水分利用和区域森林水分植被承载力研究奠定理论基础。结果表明:南宁地区的降水特征符合整个华南地区降水量变化特征,南宁桉树生态站2013年7月—2014年6月、2014年7月—2015年6月、2015年7月—2016年5月的降水特征符合南宁地区和整个华南的降水特征,年均降水量处于枯水年(1 156 mm)与丰水年(1 352 mm)之间,属平水年。观测期间(历时24个月),尾巨桉人工林生态系统土壤储水量变化在较小时间尺度上有波动,但2014年和2015年全年的变化量都接近为0。2014年1月—2015年12月径流总量为51 mm,径流系数为1.9%,期间多数月份没有产生径流,只有当降水量较大时才可能产生径流,其中2015年9月的径流量最大,为20 mm,径流系数为9.5%。2014年1月—2015年12月,生态系统蒸散总量为2 669 mm,占降水量的98%,是尾巨桉中龄林生态系统的主要水分支出项。蒸散总量与降水量呈极显著线性正相关,但径流量不完全受降水量的影响。Water balance is an important content of forest ecosystem, however, the data of water balance of eucalyptus plantation is not adequate. To understand water balance characteristics of E.urophylla×E. grandis plantation ecosystem, the authors monitored data using automatic weather station and flow weir from Jul. 2013 to May, 2016 in Guangxi Nanning Eucalypt Plantation Ecosystem Observation and Research Station （NEES）, and applied water balance equation to calculated components of them and analyzed the time dynamic of components of water balance. The results showed that precipitation curve of Nanning District was fit for the rainfall change trend in south China, three yearly precipitation characteristics of NEES from Jul. 2013 to Jun. 2014, from Jul. 2014 to Jun. 2015, and from Jul. 2015 to May, 2016 were also fit for the rainfall change trend of Nanning District and south China, they belonged to normal flow year between high flow year （1 352 mm） and low flow year （1 156 mm）. During twenty four months observing period from Jan. 2014 to Dec. 2015, it was a tiny fluctuation of soil volume water content on daily time scale, but sum of them was almost 0 in the whole year in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The total of runoff during 2 years was 51 mm, and the coefficient of runoff was 1.9%, there was no runoff in the most part of months and it was possible to generate runoff while precipitation was more than heavy rain, runoff in Sep. 2015 was the most and coefficient of runoff was 9.5%. The total of evapotranspiration was 2 669 mm whichaccounted for 98% of sum of rainfall from Jan. 2014 to Dec. 2015, the evapotranspiration was a major part of water output in the E.urophylla×E. grandis middle aged plantation ecosystem. There was a positive significant linear relationship between precipitation and rainfall, however, runoff was imperfect controlled by rainfall.

关 键 词：尾巨桉 土壤储水 径流 蒸散 水量平衡 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学] X17[环境科学与工程—环境科学]