湖北省贫困农村地区中小学生贫血及饮食行为状况  

Survey of the prevalence status of anemia and eating behaviors among primary and secondary school students in poor areas of Huber Province

作　　者：李菁菁[1] 欧阳英英[1] 程茅伟[1] 戴诗玙 张弛[1] 彭飞[1] 龚晨睿[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省疾病预防控制中心,武汉430079

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2017年第10期1546-1548,1552,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：达能营养中心膳食营养研究与宣教基金项目(DIC2013-04)

摘　　要：目的了解湖北省中部贫困农村地区中小学生贫血现况及饮食行为,为更好地促进学校健康教育、提高学生自我保健意识提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,从鄂东北、鄂中、鄂西北、鄂西南贫困农村地区抽取8个县(市),共32所中小学5 942名中小学生进行血红蛋白测量;同时从研究对象中抽取所有小学四、五年级和初中一、二年级学生共计2 569名进行问卷调查。结果中小学生的贫血检出率分别为14.05%,14.86%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.680,P>0.05)。男、女生贫血检出率分别为12.55%,16.72%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=20.666,P<0.01)。小学6~8岁组学生(15.24%,23.3%,17.72%)、初中16岁组学生(19.85%)的贫血检出率较高。贫困地区中小学生每天吃早餐的比例为74.42%,早餐都能吃饱的比例为47.29%。新鲜水果、畜禽肉类、鱼虾及贝类、蛋类、奶及其制品、豆制品的年均食用频次均不高(M值分别为365.0,365.0,104.0,365.0,365.0,365.0)。小学生、初中生回答"怎样预防缺铁性贫血"的正确率分别为24.09%,31.61%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.080,P<0.01)。结论湖北省中部贫困地区中小学生贫血检出率偏高,需加强学校健康教育,有效预防高发年龄段学生贫血的发生。Objective To understand the prevalence of anemia and eating behaviors among primary and secondary school students in poor areas of central China,and to provide a basis for improving the health education in schools and enhancing the selfhealth care consciousness in students. Methods A total of 5 942 students were selected from 32 primary and secondary schools in8 counties of poor rural areas in northeastern,central,northwestern,southwestern Hubei Province for hemoglobin testing by stratified cluster sampling method. And 2 569 students were selected for questionnaire from students of grade four and five. Results For primary and secondary students,the detecting rate of anemia was 14.05% and 14. 86%,respectively（ χ2= 0. 680,P 0. 05）. For male and female students,the detecting rate was 12.55% and 16.72%,respectively（ χ2= 20.666,P〈0.01）. For students aged 6,7,8（ 15.24%,23.3%,17.72%）,and 16（ 19.85%）,the detecting rate was high. The number of primary and secondary students eating breakfast in poor areas was 74.42%,47.29% of whichcould have enough for breakfast; the annual average consumption frequency of fresh fruit,livestock and poultry meat,fish,shellfish,eggs,milk and its products and soy products were not high; To comparatively analyze the problem of how to prevent iron deficiency anemia,the correct awareness rate of primary and secondary school students were 24.09% and 31.61%,respectively,and the differences were of statistical significance（ χ2= 18.080,P〈0.01）.Conclusion The anemia prevalence among primary and secondary students is higher in poor rural areas of Central China,thus school health education should be strengthened to effectively prevent the occurrence of anemia among students of high risk age.

关 键 词：贫困 农村人口 贫血 饮食习惯 学生 

分 类 号：R556.1[医药卫生—血液循环系统疾病] R155.1[医药卫生—内科学]