北京世界田径锦标赛男子竞走20 km冠、亚军技术对比研究  

Comparative Study on the Techniques of Men's 20km Race Walking Champion and Runner-up in IAAF World Championships Beijing 2015

作　　者：李厚林[1] 谭正则 敬艳 高聪[3] 周晓龙 仝瑶瑶 

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院,北京100191 [2]北京体育大学,北京100084 [3]西安体育学院,陕西西安710068

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2017年第10期106-112,共7页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：国家体育总局重点研究领域(2014B079);国家体育总局科技攻关与科技服务(2016HT082);北京市教育委员会:科技创新服务能力建设-科研水平提高定额-体育教育训练学理论与实践研究(科研类)(PXM2017_014206_000017);竞走项目国家队备战2020年东京奥运会(2017年度)技战术训练科技服务(2017HT051)

摘　　要：为了王镇能够在2020年东京奥运会上卫冕男子20 km竞走冠军,进一步提高竞技能力,竞走技术问题亟待解决;借鉴世界技术优秀运动员的技术特点,厘清王镇竞走技术的优势和主要问题最为关键。以北京世界田径锦标赛冠军米盖尔.洛佩兹和亚军王镇的比赛技术为测试对象,运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、生物力学测量法和数理统计法等研究方法对王镇和洛佩兹竞走技术进行研究。结论:王镇低速走单步时间左右均衡,高速走不均衡;洛佩兹高低速度单步时间不均衡;王镇和洛佩兹步长大,具有步幅型技术特点。王镇前支撑时间过短,后蹬时间过长,转换技术先两大腿重叠,再全脚掌着地;洛佩兹转换技术合理。王镇左右步长差异大;高速走右腿前摆过高,腾空时间长、头顶起伏大;洛佩兹步长均衡,腾空时间短。王镇低速上肢摆动幅度小;高速走摆臂幅度大,大小臂前摆夹角小,右臂后摆不足。洛佩兹摆动幅度大,技术结构稳定。王镇和洛佩兹着地技术好,高速左脚离地角偏大;王镇高速走离地角过大,右腿前摆过高,后撩大;转换阶段王镇摆动脚速度不足,后支撑阶段重心速度节奏不合理。建议王镇强髋部灵活性练习,提高右臂后摆能力;洛佩兹提高右腿快速放松能力,改进技术节奏。The purposes of this study were for Wang Zhen to be able to defend the men＇s 20 km race champion in the2020 Tokyo Olympic Games,to further improve the competitive ability,and to solve the problem in race walking technique.Drawing on the technical characteristics of world elite athletes,it was crucial to clarify the advantages and main problems of Wang Zhen＇s race walking technique.This study analyzed the competition techniques of men＇s20km race walking champion Miguelngel LPEZ and runner-up Wang Zhen in IAAF Championships Beijing 2015by the methods of literature review,expert interview,biomechanical measurement and mathematical statistics.Conclusions：Wang Zhen＇s single step＇s time is balanced at low speed but not at high speed walking;Miguelngel LPEZ＇s single step＇s time is not balanced at low or high speed;the step length of both athletes is large with stride type technical characteristics.Wang Zhen＇s front-support time is too short at high speed walking,and post-support time is too long,his conversion technique is two thighs overlap followed by the whole foot landing;Miguelngel LPEZ＇s conversion technique is reasonable.Wang Zhen has big difference between left and right strides;the right leg is high,duration of passage is long and head is undulated.Miguelngel LPEZ＇s step length is balanced and his duration of passage is short.Wang Zhen＇s low upper limb swing amplitude is small at high speed walking,and is large at high speed walking,the swing angle of arm is small and his right arm＇s back swing is not enough.Miguelngel LPEZ＇s swing amplitude is large and technique structure is stable.The landing skill of two athletes is good,and their liftoff angle of left foot is large at high speed;Wang Zhen＇s liftoff angle is too large at high speed while his right leg＇s forward and back swings are too high;in conversion stage,the speed of Wang Zhen＇s swing foot is insufficient,and the gravity velocity in the back support stage is unreasonable.This study suggest

关 键 词：男子20 km竞走 世界田径锦标赛 运动学 技术 

分 类 号：G821[文化科学—体育训练]