大学生田径运动员原地纵跳时下肢力量的对比分析及力学参数的相关性研究  

Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Strength and the Correlation of Mechanical Parameters of College Track and Field Athletes in Vertical Jump

作　　者：张健[1] 张红[2] 孔晓阳[1] 秦凯 岳艳鲜 

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院,北京100191 [2]北京教育学院,北京100120

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2017年第5期442-446,共5页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

摘　　要：为探索田径3种(跑步类、跳跃类、投掷类)不同类别运动员的下肢力量力学参数之间的相关性和差异性,运用文献资料法、实验法等,通过使用Kistler测力台,关节角度尺和节拍器等,对96名男子田径二级运动员依次进行CMJ、CJs、CJb 3个动作的纵跳测试。结果:1)CMJ测试结果显示,跳跃类运动员和投掷类运动员的起跳最大高度指标、功率指标均存在显著差异,跑步类运动员和跳跃类运动员的拉伸效果指标存在显著差异;而其他指标包括下蹲最大高度、瞬时力值和快肌纤维百分比,均未见显著性差异。2)CJs测试中,跑步类项目运动员和跳跃类项目运动员的平均高度指标呈现非常显著的差异,跳跃类项目运动员与跑步类和投掷类的平均功率指标均呈现显著差异性;而跑步类项目运动员与投掷类运动员的平均功率未见显著差异,且其他指标比较均未见显著差异。3)CJb测试中,跑步类和跳跃类项目运动员、跳跃类和投掷类项目运动员的平均高度指标具有非常显著差异,跳跃类与跑步类项目运动员的平均功率指标具有非常显著差异,跑步类和跳跃类项目运动员的平均力值呈显著差异,其他指标均未见显著差异。结论:1)跳跃类项目运动员的下肢力量相对好于跑步类和投掷类。2)3类运动员都存在着膝关节及踝关节功能弱于髋关节功能的现象。3)3类项目运动员在肌肉伸缩循环功能方面没有显著性差异。The purpose of this study is to explore the lower limb strength of the correlation between mechanical parameters and differences in the three types（running, jumping and throwing） of track and field athletes, using literature review, experimental method and so on, through the use a Kistler force platform, the joint angle ruler and metronome instruments, and through three vertical jump tests of CMJ, CJs, CJb of 96 men secondary track and field athletes. Results： 1） CMJ tests results show that there are significant differences in the maximum height index and power index between jumping and throwing athletes, and in pre-draft effect indexes between running and jumping athletes, while there aren＇t significant differences in squat maximum height, instantaneous force value and percentage of fast muscle fiber. 2） In CJs tests, there are significant differences in average height indexes between running and jumping athletes, and in average power indexes between jumping athletes and running and throwing athletes, while there isn＇t significant differences in the average power indexes and other indexes between running and throwing athletes. 3） In CJb tests, there are significant differences in average height indexes between running and jumping athletes, and between jumping and throwing athletes, and there are significant differences in average force value, while there aren＇t significant differences in other indexes,between running and jumping athletes. Conclusion： 1） the lower limb strength in throwing athletes is relatively better than that in running and throwing athletes; 2） the knee and ankle function are weaker than the hip joint function in all three types of athletes; and 3） there are no significant differences in the muscle contraction cycle function in the three types of athletes.

关 键 词：大学生田径运动员 原地纵跳 下肢力量 相关性 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]