激光超声复合加工硬质合金的切削力理论与试验  

Cutting force theory and experiment of machining tungsten carbide with assistance of laser heating and ultrasonic vibration

作　　者：段鹏[1] 焦锋[1] 赵波[1] 牛赢[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学机械与动力工程学院,焦作454000

出　　处：《现代制造工程》2017年第11期9-14,35,共7页Modern Manufacturing Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51075127)

摘　　要：为了实现硬质合金的延性域加工,研究激光加热与超声椭圆振动复合切削条件下,使用CBN(立方氮化硼)刀具对硬质合金进行精密加工的切削特性。分析硬质合金在普通切削、超声椭圆振动切削与激光超声复合切削三种切削方式下的切削力变化特征,建立激光超声复合切削的切削力理论模型,采用超精密车床与YAG激光器、自主研发的超声振动装置等辅助设备,试验研究激光超声复合精密加工硬质合金的切削特性。通过一系列的对比试验,分析切削参数,如切削速度、切削厚度对切削力的影响规律。理论模型与试验结果表明,由于硬质合金的软化和断续切削,使得激光超声复合辅助加工显著地降低了切削力,硬质合金的切削加工性能得到显著改善,通过工艺参数的优化,可以实现硬质合金的精密加工。In order to realize ductile-regime machining for tungsten carbide as optical die material, it was machined using Cubic Boron Nitride （CBN） tools under the assistance of laser heating and ultrasonic vibration. The cutting force variation characteris- tics in the three cutting modes, such as common cutting,ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting,laser assisted and ultrasonic ellipti- cal vibration composite cutting, are analyzed and the model of cutting force of tungsten carbide in laser assisted and ultrasonic el- liptical vibration composite cutting is established. The experiments were carried out on an ultra-precision lathe assisted by YAG laser equipment and self-developed ultrasonic vibration device. The influences of cutting parameters, such as cutting speed and cutting depth, on cutting force were studied through a series of contrast experiments. The theoretical model and experimental re- sults show that,because of the softening of the workpiece material and the interrupted cutting, the composite assistance of laser and ultrasonic vibration can largely reduce the cutting force while machinability of tungsten carbide can be remarkably improved. Furthermore, precision machining of tungsten carbide can be realized under certain optimized technological parameters.

关 键 词：硬质合金 CBN刀具 切削力 激光超声椭圆振动复合切削 

分 类 号：TG663[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]