坡地玉米马铃薯间作群体地上部垂直层化对水土流失的影响  

Effects of Vertical Stratification on the Soil and Water Loss of Maize and Potato Intercropping on Sloping Land

作　　者：张晓云[1] 郎凤莲 李永贤 吴开贤[1] 吴伯志[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第5期903-911,共9页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503119);云南农业大学研究生科技创新基金(2016YKC5);国家自然科学基金(31360306)资助

摘　　要：【目的】间作是控制坡耕地水土流失的重要农业措施,但目前有关间作群体冠层作用机制的研究均从整体视觉出发,对间作后植物垂直层化过程及各植被层的水土保持效应缺乏探讨。【方法】以玉米马铃薯间作为对象,通过微型径流小区试验,在其群体冠层内,针对玉米层、马铃薯层和杂草层,分别进行单层去除和双层去除,然后与裸地和无去除的情况进行径流量、侵蚀量和冠层特征的比较。【结果】在裸地及任意植被分层基础上增加其他植被覆盖层(不超过两层),均能够显著地降低径流量和侵蚀量;当在两层的基础上增加覆盖层时仍然有效果,其中增加马铃薯达到显著水平。重要的是,不同处理的各层间存在耦合效应,无去除处理的径流和土壤控制量较各单层(双层去除)处理控制总量分别多1.36 m3/hm2和6.89 kg/hm2;两层植被(单层去除)中各层径流和土壤控制量总和也较各单层(双层去除)总和分别高10.56%和17.21%。【结论】多样性种植群体中植被层化过程不仅提高了覆盖度,还可以通过各层间彼此的耦合来实现水土流失的控制。[Purpose] Intercropping is an important agricultural technology to reduce soil and water loss on slope farmland. However,most of previous works based on an overall vision to study the mechanism operating in canopy,it is still lack to explore the role of vertical stratification process and each vegetation layer in canopy on water and soil conservation. [Method]We performed a micro runoff plot experiment using maize and potato intercropping as study object. When crop growth at flowering stage in the rainy season,we selected the maize,potato and weed layer,then removed the single and double layers of them,or no removing. The CK treatment was the bare land without any plant. The runoff,soil erosion and canopy characteristics were measured,and then compared between all treatments. [Result]Increasing vegetation layer on bare land and any vegetation（ not more than two layers） can significantly reduced the runoff and soil erosion; when the number of existing vegetation layer were two,the increased vegetation layer was still decreased the runoff and soil erosion,and reached a significant level if the increased vegetation layer was potato layer. Importantly,there was a coupling effect between different layers. The amount of controlled water and soil in no layer removing treatment were more 1. 36 m3/hm2 and6. 89 kg/hm2 than the sum of that in all single layer treatments（ removing of double layers） respectively;moreover,the amount of controlled water and soil by two vegetation layers（ removing of one layer） were higher 10. 56% and 17. 21% than that by single vegetation layer（ removing of two layers） respectively.[Conclusion]Vegetation stratification in crop diversity community reduce the water and soil erosion not only by the improved coverage,but by the interaction between vegetation layers.

关 键 词：植被层化 冠层结构 作物多样性种植 水土流失 玉米 马铃薯 

分 类 号：S157.431[农业科学—土壤学]